– al-ibil (camels): a collective plural noun with no singular form derived from it; it is treated as feminine in Arabic.

– awsaq: singular wasq, with an open wāw followed by a quiescent sīn (some report the wāw with a kasrah, but the fatḥah is clearer) and ending with a qāf. One wasq equals sixty ṣāʿs, so the nisāb for grain and fruit is three hundred ṣāʿs. In present-day weights a single ṣāʿ is roughly three kilograms—this is an approximate, precautionary estimate based on dense, high-quality wheat—making the three hundred ṣāʿs about nine hundred kilograms.

The Council of Senior Scholars examined the size of the Prophetic ṣāʿ in relation to modern measures but could not arrive at a decisive, certain figure because no ṣāʿ from the Prophet’s era has been definitively preserved. The majority of the members therefore suggested estimating it at three thousand grams, as a precaution for zakāt al-fiṭr and similar obligations.