Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr said, “It borders on the level of mass-transmitted (mutawātir) reports, for the community has universally accepted it.”
His statement, “The Messenger of Allah laid it down (farada),” means that he made it obligatory and fixed its proportions. Thus the Sunnah confirms what the Quran established, and what follows is the detailed specification of the nisāb amounts.
2 – The two hadiths prove that zakah is obligatory on pasturing livestock from the three categories of camels, cattle, and sheep.
3 – They also clarify the thresholds for such zakah: the nisāb for camels begins at five, while for sheep it begins at forty. Allah knows best, this reflects justice and mutual support: camels are costly animals, so their nisāb is set low; sheep are inexpensive, so theirs is set higher—thereby safeguarding the rights of both the rich and the poor.
4 – Both reports stipulate that zakah is due on sā’imah livestock—animals that graze on open pasture for all or most of the year and are kept for milk or breeding. If they do not graze freely, or they do but are used for labor, no zakah is due on them.
5 – The successive nisāb levels for camels, cattle, and sheep are spelled out in the texts, along with the concept of waqs—the interval that falls between two prescribed dues.
6 – The first nisāb for camels is five. Once the herd exceeds one hundred and twenty, the scale stabilizes: for every forty, one bint labūn (a two-year-old she-camel) is due, and for every fifty, one hiqqah (a three-year-old she-camel).
7 – The first nisāb for sheep is forty, a point on which the scholars unanimously agree. When the flock surpasses three hundred, the due becomes fixed: one sheep for every full hundred. This is the position of the four imams and others.
8 – The obligation of zakah on cattle rests on the Sunnah and scholarly consensus. Concerning its nisāb, Shaykh al-Islam related that it is authentically reported from Muʿādh that when the Prophet ﷺ sent him to Yemen he commanded him to take, from every thirty head of cattle, a tabiʿ (a one-year-old male calf), and from every forty, a musinnah (a two-year-old cow). Abū ʿUbayd, al-Muwaffaq, and others have transmitted consensus on this matter.