—texts that particularize its general statements, restrict what was left unrestricted, and clarify what had been summarized.
8 – He then warned him not to exploit his influence and authority by wronging the owners of wealth, saying, “I caution you against taking, as zakah, the choicest and finest of their property, for only the middle-quality portion is due from them—neither oppressive to the rich nor diminishing the poor’s right.”
9 – He also explained that the supplication of the oppressed is answered, for Allah supports the oppressed and exacts vengeance on his oppressor.
10 – The Prophet ﷺ furnished him with a precious counsel: he informed him that he would encounter scholars from among the People of the Scripture, so he must equip himself with ample knowledge. Then, when they pose questions, raise doubts, or dispute with him, he can meet them with sound understanding, convincing proofs, and clear evidence. As for the ignorant person who cannot dispel doubts or refute falsehood, he only harms his own faith, and the case will be against him, not for him.
11 – With the same wise guidance, those in charge should direct the preachers, providing them with beneficial knowledge and proper instruction, so that they may present a good image of Islam and a worthy reputation. Allah is the Grantor of success.
12 – This hadith mentions only three of the five pillars of Islam, even though all five were obligatory when Muʿadh was sent. The best explanation is that the Prophet ﷺ wanted Muʿadh to introduce the teachings of Islam to them gradually, step by step: the three pillars cited had already fallen due at the time, whereas the remaining two had not yet reached the time of their performance. The Prophet ﷺ dispatched Muʿadh in Rabiʿ al-Akhir of the tenth year, as Ibn Masʿud relates in Fath al-Bari.
13 – The narration establishes the legitimacy of sending collectors to receive zakah and that a person’s liability is discharged by paying it to the ruler or his authorized agents.
14 – Zakah is a form of mutual support between the rich and the poor; it is taken from the former and given to the latter.