functioning automatically by virtue of the attached devices; nevertheless, death is not deemed to have occurred in the eyes of the Sharia until breathing and the heart have both stopped completely after those devices are removed.
May blessings and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad.
The editor—may Allah pardon him—writes: Since the physicians inform us that brain death is genuine and irreversible, and that once the brain dies the heart must inevitably die even if it continues to beat and pump by means of resuscitative machinery, the removal of that machinery from a dying patient is not an act of execution or a hastening of death. Medically he is already counted among the dead, and therefore disconnecting the equipment is permissible according to Islamic law.
Second Inquiry: The Soul
Allah the Exalted says: “They ask you about the soul. Say, ‘The soul is of the affair of my Lord, and you have been given only a little knowledge.’” (al-Isrāʾ 17:85).
Dr. Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Bār states: The soul is an unknown matter; we can only say that it belongs to the command of our Lord, and mankind has been granted but little knowledge. The Messenger ﷺ explains to us when the soul is breathed into the fetus: it is after the embryo passes through various stages until, once its organs have formed, voluntary movements begin and signs of contentment or distress appear on its face— all of which indicate the infusion of the soul.
Al-Rāzī said: The soul exists and is distinct from these bodies and their accidents. Bodies are things that originate from the elemental constituents, whereas the soul is not like that; rather, it is a simple, immaterial substance that comes into being by His word, “Be!” and it is (al-Baqarah 2:117). Our ignorance of its true nature does not require us to deny its existence, for most realities and essences remain unknown to us.
Ibn al-Qayyim said: The sound view is that the soul is a body whose essence differs from this tangible body. It is a luminous, elevated, subtle, and mobile entity that penetrates the organs and flows through them the way water courses through a branch, oil through an olive, or fire through