These three, in reality, proceed from a person’s own striving, diligence, and deeds. The hadith states, “The finest food a man eats is that which he earns himself; his child is part of his earnings, and an ongoing charity (sadaqah jariyah) likewise.” Narrated by Abu Dawud (3528). In the same way, a waqf (endowment) and similar arrangements are among the traces of his work. Allah, Exalted is He, says: “Indeed, We bring the dead to life and record what they have sent ahead and the traces they leave behind” (Ya-Sin 36:12).
The knowledge a person spreads among people—if they continue to be guided by it after his death—is likewise part of his own labor. In Sahih Muslim (2674) the Prophet ﷺ said, “Whoever calls to guidance will receive a reward equal to the rewards of all who follow him, without any reduction in their rewards.”
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah declared, “The best acts of worship are those that conform to the guidance of the Prophet ﷺ and his Companions.”
Ibn Masʿud said, “Whoever among you wishes to emulate someone, let him emulate those who have passed away; they are the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.”
It is well known that the earliest, most excellent generations worshipped Allah with every prescribed act—obligatory and supererogatory—and prayed for the believing men and women, both living and dead, as Allah commanded.
When they performed voluntary prayers, observed optional fasts, undertook the pilgrimage, or recited the Quran, it was not their practice to dedicate the reward of those acts to their deceased Muslims; rather, their habit was to supplicate for them. People, therefore, should not forsake the path of the salaf, for it is superior and more complete.
As for the group who hold that the reward of purely bodily acts of worship does reach the deceased, they argue—as does Ibn Qudāmah in al-Mughnī—after citing the reports that prove the benefit of supplication, charity, pilgrimage, and similar acts. He states:
“These are authentic hadiths demonstrating that the deceased profits from all devotions; for fasting, supplication, and seeking forgiveness are bodily acts of worship, and Allah has conveyed their benefit to the deceased, so the same applies to the rest.”