and the legal maxim upheld in the principles of jurisprudence is: “the unqualified text is to be read in light of the qualified one.” Accordingly, whoever does not intend khuyalāʾ (haughtiness) is not included in the threat that makes isbāl—letting the garment fall below the ankles—unlawful. For this reason Imām al-Nawawī, in his Commentary on Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, writes:
“Concerning his ﷺ statement, ‘the one who lets his lower garment hang,’ its meaning is: the person who loosens it and drags it in arrogance. This specification limits the general wording of ‘whoever lets his lower garment hang’ and shows that the threat applies only to the one who drags it out of haughtiness. The Prophet ﷺ granted Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq a dispensation in this regard when he said, ‘You are not one of them,’ because Abū Bakr’s garment slipped down without arrogance.
“The apparent sense of the ḥadiths that restrict the ruling to dragging in arrogance indicates that the prohibition is confined to arrogance, and al-Shāfiʿī expressly made this same distinction, as we have mentioned.
“The preferred length for the hem of one’s shirt or lower garment is mid-shin; it is permissible without dislike down to the ankles. Whatever extends below the ankles is forbidden: if done out of arrogance it is strictly prohibited (ḥarām), and if not, it is reprehensible (makrūh tanzīhī).
“As for the unqualified reports that state, ‘Whatever is beneath the ankles is in the Fire,’ what is meant is the case done in arrogance, for an unqualified text must be interpreted in light of the qualified.”
End of al-Nawawī’s words; Allah knows best.
Some scholars, however, do not regard it correct to interpret the absolute ḥadiths on isbāl by means of the qualified ones. Instead, they classify the two sets of reports as differing both in cause and in ruling, and therefore do not apply one to the other. The threat aimed at the person who drags his garment in arrogance is that Allah will not look at him with mercy and compassion, whereas the warning issued to the one who merely lets his garment drop below his ankles is that the Fire will afflict only those very limbs. Thus the first punishment is general, the second partial; likewise, the causes differ—one is dragging the garment arrogantly, the other is simply lowering it beneath the ankles without arrogance.
This latter view is the more cautious, yet the first opinion is stronger in terms of proof and sounder in legal reasoning. Allah knows best.