those very days in which the Muslim had been fasting, for the Wise Lawgiver wants to keep customary practices distinct from acts of worship.
As for the health benefits: after fasting and then sleeping, the stomach is empty, the body’s reserves have been depleted, and it urgently needs something that will quickly restore its strength and vitality. The food that does this most rapidly is the date.
Dr. Qabbani writes in his book “Food, Not Medicine”: “Dates are extremely rich in the nutrients essential for human beings. They contain several kinds of sugars that make up seventy percent of the fruit. These sugars are quickly absorbed and easily assimilated; they pass straight into the bloodstream and then to the muscles, giving them strength. Modern medicine has confirmed the correctness of the Prophet’s practice in both fasting and breaking the fast. During fasting a person exhausts the sugar stored in his body’s cells, and his blood-sugar level falls below normal. Therefore we must supply the body with a generous amount of sugar at the moment of ifṭār (breaking the fast). The stomach can digest the sugars in dates within half an hour, whereupon the blood supplies this sugary fuel to the body’s cells, restoring their energy.”
He continues at length on this subject; our own discussion, Allah willing, will be more detailed in the chapter on fasting.
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Hadith no. 397 shows that the Prophet’s practice ﷺ was to set out for the Eid prayer on the morning of Eid al-Fitr only after he had eaten, thereby marking this day on which breaking the fast is obligatory and hastening to do what Allah has commanded. This fulfills the command and secures its benefit, and it may also complete the virtue of eating dates to break the fast, for this breakfast terminates all the fasting that has preceded it.
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It was mentioned earlier that the preferable course is to break the fast with an odd number of dates, the minimum odd number being three. If no dates are available, one should eat a similar food that he has at hand.