Points derived from the ḥadith
1 – The ḥadith shows that when the ʿĪd and the Friday prayer fall on the same day, it is permissible for anyone who has performed the ʿĪd prayer to forgo the Jumuʿah prayer and content himself with the Ẓuhr prayer.
2 – This is because two festivals have converged in a single day; one is deemed to have subsumed the other, so attendance at one of the two prayers is sufficient.
3 – One reason that one may stand in for the other is the close resemblance between the two prayers: each consists of two rakʿahs with audible recitation, each is followed by two sermons, and both draw a large congregation and a great celebration. However, the Ẓuhr prayer is not waived for anyone who fails to attend Jumuʿah.
4 – Whoever did not attend, or missed, the ʿĪd prayer may not absent himself from the Jumuʿah prayer, lest he lose both obligatory acts and absent himself from the two great gatherings.
5 – The wording “he granted a concession” indicates that attending Jumuʿah remains recommended, for a concession merely conveys leniency and facilitation. Indeed, the majority of jurists do not hold that the obligation of Jumuʿah drops when it coincides with the ʿĪd prayer.
6 – The imam, however, is not excused; he must be present to conduct the Jumuʿah prayer for those who will attend. In the ḥadith narrated by Abū Hurayrah the Prophet ﷺ said: “Two ʿIds have converged on this day of yours; whoever wishes may let it suffice for Jumuʿah, yet we shall still hold the Jumuʿah.” This is what is transmitted from the Prophet ﷺ, and no disagreement among the Companions is known concerning it. Moreover, the Ẓuhr prayer is the obligatory prayer of the time, and thus takes the place of Jumuʿah whenever the latter is not performed.
7 – Some have maintained that both Jumuʿah and Ẓuhr are waived for anyone who prayed ʿĪd. This view is exceedingly weak.