7 – The person who talks during the sermon is compared to a donkey laden with great tomes and scholarly works. He has gone to the effort of preparing for Friday, coming to the mosque, sitting through the sermon, and enduring every hardship involved, yet he fails to benefit from the most important part of the Friday prayer, namely the sermon about which Allah says, “Hasten to the remembrance of Allah” (62:9). Just as the donkey carries volumes of learning but derives no advantage from them, this inattentive worshipper gains nothing from the Jumuʿah for which he toiled. The resemblance between such an idle talker and the donkey—marked by dullness—lies in their shared inability to profit from what they bear.
8 – It is obligatory to remain silent and give full attention to the preacher on Friday; Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr related a consensus on this duty.
9 – Speaking while the sermon is being delivered is prohibited, for it is incompatible with the gravity of the occasion.
10 – An exception is made for someone whom the imam addresses or who must address the imam, as in the incident of the man who complained to the Prophet ﷺ about drought and the man who entered the mosque without first praying the two-rakʿah greeting, whereupon the Prophet ordered him to stand and pray.
11 – The two sermons are among the greatest rites of Friday; one must therefore listen attentively to both. For this reason, even a single word uttered while the imam is preaching counts as idle talk, for it disrupts the hearing of the remembrance and the sermon itself.
12 – The four canonical Imams agree on the obligation of silence while the imam is preaching, yet they differ on returning greetings and similar matters:
• Some—such as al-Thawri, al-Awzaʿi, Ahmad, and his followers—permitted tashmīt (saying “May Allah have mercy on you” to a sneezer) and replying to salam.
• Others, including al-Shaʿbi, Saʿid ibn Jubayr, and Ibrahim al-Nakhaʿi, prohibited both tashmīt and returning the greeting, adopting the opposite view.
• A third group distinguished: if one can hear the sermon, these responses are not allowed; if one cannot hear it, they are permissible. This is one report from Ahmad and is also related from ʿAtaʾ and a number of others.