in the hadith, and it is also permissible to read “two rakʿahs” in the accusative case, treating it as a circumstantial accusative that substitutes for the predicate.
• “Utimmat” (it was completed): a passive form. Some transmissions read, “wa zīda fī ṣalāti l-ḥaḍar” (and the resident prayer was increased), which is clearer than “utimmat.” The meaning is that two rakʿahs were added until it became four; thus, the increase concerns the number of units.
What is derived from the ḥadith
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The magnitude of these five daily prayers is shown by the fact that Allah imposed them upon His Prophet Muhammad ﷺ in the heavens, speaking to him directly without any intermediary. This occurred on the night of the Night Journey and Ascension, when he was taken up through the heavens and beyond. They were originally prescribed as fifty prayers in every twenty-four hours, then reduced to five, while the reward of fifty remained for the five; only the numerical count was lessened.
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At first the prayer was ordained as two rakʿahs each and remained so during his ﷺ stay in Mecca. After the Hijrah, two rakʿahs were added to Ẓuhr, ʿAṣr, and ʿIshāʾ, so that each became four. Maghrib, however, was legislated as three and stayed that way so that it would serve as the day’s witr. Fajr also remained two rakʿahs because its recitation is lengthy, and it was preferable not to lengthen it further. This applies to the resident prayer. Therefore, calling the travel prayer “shortened” is only relative rather than literal, for no shortening actually occurred; rather, the resident prayer was increased while the travel prayer was left exactly as it had originally been prescribed.
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His phrase “when it was first made obligatory” (awwal mā furidat): in the Sharīʿah, a farḍ is something commanded in an obligatory manner, and farḍ and wājib are synonymous according to Imam Aḥmad and others. The Ḥanafīs, however, distinguish them: farḍ is what is established by definitive proof, while wājib rests on presumptive proof and is therefore considered less binding. The correct view is the first—that wājib and farḍ carry the same meaning. Allah knows best.