and putting that knowledge into practice.
2 – This rule ought to be a lesson for Muslims with regard to every position of authority: no one may be advanced to, or entrusted with, an office unless he is truly qualified and combines the two great conditions—trustworthiness and competence. Allah the Exalted says, “Indeed, the best man you can hire is the strong and trustworthy” (Q 28:26). Muslims were only humiliated, stripped of their honor, and inundated with corruption when they abandoned this trust. Al-Bukhārī reports that the Prophet ﷺ said, “When trustworthiness is lost, then await the Hour.” A Bedouin asked, “Messenger of Allah, how will it be lost?” He replied, “When authority is handed over to those who are unqualified.”
3 – The imamate is given to the one who has memorized the most of the Book of Allah, for the Qur’an is the foundation of all beneficial knowledge; whoever knows more of it is superior to others. What truly counts is who is more learned in the Qur’an and its legal injunctions, and in the jurisprudence of prayer. For that reason, the one with deeper fiqh is preferred to someone who has merely memorized more—though that precedence does not hold with respect to the specific jurisprudence of the prayer itself.
4 – The expression “the one most proficient in reciting the Book of Allah” refers to the one who has memorized the greatest portion of the Qur’an. This is clarified by the previous ḥadith: “Let the one who has memorized the most Qur’an lead you” (al-Bukhārī 4302), and by what al-Nasā’ī (2011) and al-Tirmidhī (1715) relate and authenticate from Hishām ibn ʿĀmir ibn Umayyah al-Anṣārī: the Prophet ﷺ, concerning those who fell at Uḥud, instructed, “Put forward the one who has memorized the most Qur’an.”
5 – If they are equal in recitation, then preference goes to the one most knowledgeable of the Sunnah of Muhammad ﷺ, for the purified Sunnah is the second revelation and the second source of legislation.
6 – If they are equal in knowledge and memorization of the Qur’an, and equal in knowledge and memorization of the Sunnah, then precedence is given to the one who migrated earlier from the lands of disbelief to the lands of Islam. If no such migration applies, then to the one who repented earlier, who has migrated away from what Allah has forbidden, and who is closest to fulfilling what Allah, Exalted be He, has commanded.
7 – In another wording: “then the eldest among them,” for the elder’s Islam is usually earlier and his store of righteous deeds greater.