its religion. (1) And this is exactly what occurred: within this ummah there has never ceased to be those who invite to Allah, clarify His law, and convey what was brought by the Seal of the Prophets and Leader of the Messengers—may Allah’s peace be upon him and upon them all. Among the foremost of these callers was Shaykh Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, for Allah placed in his heart a lofty resolve to preach tawḥīd (pure monotheism) and the Sunnah, to expose the falsity of innovations, newly invented practices, and superstitions, and to refute the belief that the awliyāʾ—or those merely presumed to be such—can benefit, harm, be invoked, or be sought for help, whether they are alive or dead.

Allah honored Shaykh Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb with the undertaking of this mission and, for that purpose, raised up Imām Muhammad ibn Saʿūd—may Allah have mercy on them both—who supported him. The daʿwah therefore emerged, spread, and first benefited the people of this land, then the rest of the Peninsula, and its effects reached the Muslim world—east and west, north and south. To this very day—praise be to Allah—we continue to enjoy and partake of the fruits of this call. Thus, the best Muslim society in the aggregate is this society, praise be to Allah, whereas much of the Muslim world has been affected by superstition, innovation, polytheism, and grave-veneration. This is most evident in two groups: the Rāfiḍah and the Sufis.

Grave-oriented Sufis erect domes and build mosques over tombs, make pilgrimage to them, circumambulate them, and seek relief from those in the graves in times of ease and hardship.