the Emigrants have relatives who protect their families in Mecca. Since I lack any such blood ties, I hoped to earn a favor with them that would enable them to safeguard my own kin. I did not do this out of disbelief, apostasy, or satisfaction with unbelief after Islam.’

The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, ‘He has told you the truth.’ ʿUmar (may Allah be pleased with him) said, ‘Let me strike the neck of this hypocrite!’ The Messenger of Allah replied, ‘He fought at Badr, and how do you know? Perhaps Allah has already looked upon the people of Badr and said, “Do whatever you wish, for I have forgiven you.”’

Then Allah revealed: ‘O you who believe! Do not take My enemies and your enemies as allies, extending to them your affection when they have disbelieved in the truth that has come to you and have driven out the Messenger and yourselves simply because you believe in Allah, your Lord. If you have gone forth to strive in My cause and seek My pleasure, do not secretly show them affection. I know whatever you conceal and whatever you reveal. Whoever among you does so has truly strayed from the straight path.’ (1) [al-Mumtahanah] …and so on to the end of the surah (1).

The surah closes in a manner similar to its opening: ‘O you who believe! Do not ally yourselves with a people upon whom Allah is angry; they have despaired of the Hereafter just as the unbelievers have despaired of those in the graves.’ (13) [al-Mumtahanah].