422 — Yaʿqūb ibn Ibrāhīm al-Abdī narrated to us: Abd al-Rahmān ibn Mahdī narrated to us, from Abū al-Ashhab, from al-Hasan—may Allah have mercy on him—who said:

“They used to say: ‘The wise man’s tongue lies behind his heart. When he wishes to speak, he first consults his heart: if his words will count in his favor, he speaks; but if they will count against him, he refrains. The ignorant man, however, has his heart at the tip of his tongue. He does not consult his heart; whatever comes to his tongue, he utters.’”