—unless the socks are leather-soled or reinforced with leather. Abū Yūsuf and Muḥammad (may Allah have mercy on them) held that wiping over socks is permissible provided they are thick enough to prevent water from seeping through.

It is not permissible to wipe over a turban, skull-cap, face-veil, or gloves.

Wiping over splints or casts is allowed, even if they were applied while one lacked wuḍūʾ. Should they fall off before the injury has healed, the wiping remains valid; but if they fall off after healing, the concession lapses.