Chapter on Missing the Hajj (Fawāt)

Anyone who enters iḥrām for ḥajj but fails to reach the standing at ʿArafah before dawn on the Day of Sacrifice has missed the pilgrimage. He must perform ṭawāf, complete the saʿy, leave iḥrām, and repeat the ḥajj the following year; no compensatory sacrifice is due from him.

ʿUmrah is never subject to lapse. It may be performed throughout the year except on five disliked days: the Day of ʿArafah, the Day of Sacrifice, and the three Days of Tashrīq.

ʿUmrah is a sunnah consisting of: entering iḥrām, performing ṭawāf, making saʿy, and shaving or shortening the hair.

Chapter on the Sacrificial Offering (Hady)

The minimum hady is a single sheep.

Acceptable sacrificial animals fall into three categories—camels, cattle, and sheep/goats. Each must have reached the age of thanī (the second set of permanent teeth) or older, except in the case of sheep, for which a jadhaʿ lamb is sufficient.

An offering is invalid if the animal has a severed ear—or most of it—a cut tail, a missing fore-limb or hind-limb, is blind in one eye, is extremely emaciated, or is so lame that it cannot walk to the place of sacrifice.

A sheep is acceptable in every circumstance except two: for one who performed the Tawāf al-Ziyārah while in a state of major ritual impurity, and for one who had intercourse after standing at ʿArafah. In those two cases only a budnah (camel) is valid.

One camel or one cow may suffice for up to seven people, provided each partner intends the act as a devotional offering. If even one of them seeks only meat, the offering does not count for the others.

It is permissible to eat from the voluntary hady and from the offerings connected to tamattuʿ and qirān. It is impermissible to eat from the other obligatory offerings, and the voluntary hady itself may not be slaughtered.