in a state of major sexual impurity, a camel is required. It is nonetheless preferable that he repeat the circumambulation so long as he remains in Mecca, and no further slaughter is demanded.

• One who performs the farewell circumambulation (ṭawāf al-ṣadr) while in minor impurity must give charity; if he performs it while in major impurity, he must slaughter a sheep.

• If a pilgrim omits three circuits or fewer of the visitation circumambulation, he must slaughter a sheep. Should he leave out four circuits, he remains in iḥrām indefinitely until he completes them.
Whoever leaves out three circuits of the farewell circumambulation must give charity; if he abandons the whole circumambulation, or four of its circuits, he must slaughter a sheep.

• Whoever neglects the saʿy between Safā and Marwah must slaughter a sheep, yet his ḥajj is still complete.

• Whoever departs from ʿArafah before the imam must offer a blood-sacrifice.

• Whoever fails to stand at Muzdalifah must offer a blood-sacrifice.

• Whoever neglects the stoning of the pillars on all of the prescribed days must offer a blood-sacrifice; if he omits the stoning for only one day, a blood-sacrifice is likewise due.
Whoever fails to stone one of the three pillars must give charity; but if he neglects to stone Jamrat al-ʿAqabah on the Day of Sacrifice, a blood-sacrifice is required.

• According to Abū Ḥanīfah, anyone who delays shaving until the Days of Sacrifice have passed must offer a blood-sacrifice, and the same ruling applies—again according to Abū Ḥanīfah—to one who postpones the visitation circumambulation.

• When a pilgrim in iḥrām kills game, or directs another to kill it, he must pay compensation. The ruling is the same whether he acted deliberately or forgetfully, for the first time or after repetition.

According to Abū Ḥanīfah and Abū Yūsuf, the animal is appraised at the spot where it was killed, or at the nearest suitable place if it was in the open country, by two upright witnesses. The pilgrim may then choose among three options based on that assessed value:

1. Purchase a sacrificial animal;
2. Buy food and distribute it, giving each needy person half a sâʿ of wheat or a full sâʿ of dates or barley;
3. Fast—in place of every half-sâʿ of wheat one day, and in place of every full sâʿ of barley one day.
   If, after the food calculation, less than half a sâʿ remains, he may either donate it or fast one whole day for it.

Muḥammad held that, where the game has a domestic counterpart, that counterpart must be offered: for a gazelle, a sheep; for a hyena, a sheep; for a hare, a yearling female goat; for an ostrich, a camel; and for a jerboa, a young she-goat.

• Whoever wounds game, plucks its hair, or severs one of its limbs is liable for the resulting loss in value.
If he plucks a bird’s feathers or cuts the legs of an animal so that it can no longer escape, he must pay its full value.
Whoever breaks the eggs of game must pay their value; if a live chick emerges from the egg, he owes its full value; if the chick emerges dead, he must pay what it would have been worth alive.

• No compensation is due for killing crows, kites, wolves, snakes, scorpions, or mice, nor for killing mosquitoes, fleas, or ticks.

• Whoever kills a louse should give whatever charity he wishes; the same applies to killing a locust—and a single date is a better charity than a locust.

• Whoever kills game whose flesh is not eaten, such as beasts of prey, must pay compensation, yet the amount may not exceed the value of a sheep.