Chapter on the Violations of a Pilgrim in Iḥrām

• If a pilgrim in iḥrām applies perfume, an expiation is due. When he scents an entire limb or more, he must offer a blood-sacrifice; if the perfumed area is less than a limb, he gives charity.

• If he puts on a stitched garment or covers his head for a full day, a blood-sacrifice is required; for a shorter period, charity suffices. If he shaves a quarter of his head or more, a blood-sacrifice is due; shaving less than a quarter entails charity.

• Shaving the places where the cupping-cups are applied obliges a blood-sacrifice according to Abū Ḥanīfah, while Abū Yūsuf and Muḥammad hold that charity is enough. Cutting the nails of both hands and both feet requires a blood-sacrifice.

• Cutting the nails of one hand or one foot likewise obliges a blood-sacrifice. Trimming fewer than five nails in total, taken from the hands and feet, calls for charity according to Abū Ḥanīfah and Abū Yūsuf, whereas Muḥammad rules that a blood-sacrifice is due.

• When a pilgrim perfumes himself, shaves, or dons clothing because of a valid excuse, he may choose one of three options: slaughter a sheep, feed six needy persons with three sâʿs of food, or fast three days.

• One who kisses or touches his spouse with desire must offer a blood-sacrifice. If he has intercourse in either passage before the stand at ʿArafah, his hajj is invalidated; he must slaughter a sheep, complete the rites as others do, and perform a make-up hajj. He is not obliged to keep away from his wife when he accompanies her on that make-up hajj.

• Intercourse after the stand at ʿArafah does not nullify the hajj, yet a camel is due; if it occurs after the shaving, a sheep suffices. During an ʿumrah, intercourse before completing four circuits of ṭawāf invalidates the ʿumrah: he proceeds, makes it up later, and must slaughter a sheep. If it takes place after four circuits, a sheep is due, the ʿumrah remains valid, and no make-up is required. Forgetful intercourse is treated like deliberate intercourse.

• Whoever performs the arrival circumambulation (ṭawāf al-qudūm) while in minor impurity must give charity; if he performs it in a state of major sexual impurity, he must slaughter a sheep. Whoever performs the visitation circumambulation (ṭawāf al-ziyārah) while in minor impurity must slaughter a sheep, and if he was