Chapter on Tamattuʿ
In our view, tamattuʿ is superior to ifrād.
Tamattuʿ has two forms:
- a pilgrim who brings the sacrificial animal (hady) with him, and
- a pilgrim who does not.
The procedure for tamattuʿ is as follows: from the mīqāt he enters iḥrām for an ʿumrah, proceeds to Mecca, circumambulates, performs saʿy, then shaves or shortens his hair, thereby leaving the state of consecration for his ʿumrah. He stops the talbiyah when he begins the circumambulation, remains in Mecca as one who is released, and on the Day of Tarwiyah re-enters iḥrām for the hajj from inside the Mosque; he then does everything the single hajj-performer (mufrid) does. He must offer the blood-sacrifice of tamattuʿ; if he cannot, he fasts three days during the hajj and seven more on his return home.
If the mutamattiʿ wishes to drive his sacrificial animal, he enters iḥrām and leads it. If the offering is a camel, he garlands it with a water-skin or a sandal, and—according to Abū Yūsuf and Muḥammad—he also performs ishʿār, which is to slit the right side of its hump; Abū Ḥanīfah does not require ishʿār.
When he reaches Mecca he performs ṭawāf and saʿy but does not release himself until he enters iḥrām for the hajj on the Day of Tarwiyah. Should he assume that iḥrām earlier, it is valid, yet he still owes a blood-sacrifice. Once he shaves on the Day of Sacrifice he is released from both states of consecration.
The people of Mecca may perform neither tamattuʿ nor qirān; for them only ifrād is valid.
If, after completing his ʿumrah, a mutamattiʿ returns home without having brought the sacrificial animal, his tamattuʿ is nullified.
Anyone who enters iḥrām for an ʿumrah before the months of the hajj, has performed fewer than four circuits of its ṭawāf, then the months of the hajj begin, and he completes the ʿumrah and subsequently enters iḥrām for the hajj, is regarded as a mutamattiʿ. If he had already completed four circuits or more of that ṭawāf before the months of the hajj, and then performs the hajj in the same year, he is not deemed to have performed tamattuʿ.
The months of the hajj are Shawwāl, Dhū al-Qaʿdah, and the first ten days of Dhū al-Ḥijjah; entering iḥrām for hajj within these months is valid and constitutes hajj.
If a woman begins menstruating at the time of iḥrām, she bathes, assumes iḥrām, and does everything the pilgrim does, except that she must not circumambulate the House until she is pure. If her menstruation begins after the standing at ʿArafah and after the visitation circumambulation, she may depart from Mecca and nothing is due from her for omitting the farewell circumambulation.