about the prescribed prayers, the standing at ʿArafāt and at Muzdalifah, the casting of the pebbles, the sacrifice, the shaving, and the circumambulation of visitation.
He then leads them in the ẓuhr and ʿaṣr prayers during the time of ẓuhr, with one adhān and two iqāmahs. According to Abū Ḥanīfah (d. 150 AH), anyone who prays alone in his tent performs each prayer at its own appointed time. Abū Yūsuf and Muḥammad (may Allah have mercy on them both) held that the lone worshipper should combine the two.
Next he goes to the place of standing, halts near the mountain, for all of ʿArafāt is a valid standing place except the valley of ʿUrnah.
The imam ought to remain at ʿArafāt on his mount, supplicating and teaching the people the rites. It is recommended that he bathe before the standing and exert himself in prayer. When the sun sets he departs gently, the people with him, until they reach Muzdalifah and make camp. It is preferable to camp near the hill on which the beacon is lit, called Quzah. The imam then leads the people in the maghrib and ʿishāʾ prayers with a single adhān and a single iqāmah; if someone performs maghrib on the road, it is invalid according to Abū Ḥanīfah and Muḥammad.
At dawn the imam leads them in the fajr prayer while it is still dark, then he stands and the people stand with him and supplicate. All of Muzdalifah is a valid standing place except the valley of Muḥassir.
Before sunrise the imam and the people leave for Minā. On arrival he begins with Jamrat al-ʿAqabah, casting seven pebbles at it from the bottom of the valley—stones small enough for flicking—pronouncing the takbīr with each pebble, without stopping there, and he ceases the talbiyah with the first throw.
He may then slaughter if he wishes, after which he shaves or shortens his hair—shaving is preferable—and everything becomes lawful to him except marital relations.
That same day, or the next, or the day after, he goes to Mecca and performs the circumambulation of visitation, seven circuits. If he had already performed the saʿy between al-Ṣafā and al-Marwah immediately after the circumambulation of arrival, he does not jog during this tawāf and no further saʿy is required. If he had not done the earlier saʿy, he jogs during this tawāf and then performs the saʿy, as explained above. After this, even women become lawful for him. This tawāf is the obligatory one for ḥajj, and delaying it beyond these days is disliked; if he postpones it he must offer an animal sacrifice according to Abū Ḥanīfah.
He then returns to Minā and stays there. When the sun declines on the second day of sacrifice, he casts at the three jamarāt. He begins with the one nearest the mosque, throws seven pebbles at it, pronouncing the takbīr with each pebble, pauses there and supplicates. He then does the same at the next, pausing likewise, and finally at Jamrat al-ʿAqabah, where he does not pause.
The following day he again throws at the three jamarāt after the sun has passed its zenith. If he wishes to hasten his departure he leaves for Mecca; if he prefers to remain, he throws at the three jamarāt on the fourth day as well, after the sun’s decline. Should he advance the throwing on that fourth day and perform it before the zenith, any time after dawn, it is valid according to