—may break the fast, make it up later, and no fidya is due.

A very elderly person who is no longer able to fast may break the fast and must feed one needy person for every missed day, just as he would feed the poor in the other legally mandated expiations.

If someone dies owing make-up fasts from Ramadan and had stipulated this in his will, his guardian feeds one poor person on his behalf for each day: half a saʿ of wheat, or one saʿ of dates, or one saʿ of barley.

Whoever enters into a voluntary fast or begins a voluntary prayer and then deliberately invalidates it is required to make it up.

If a minor reaches puberty, or a non-Muslim embraces Islam, during Ramadan, they must abstain from food and drink for the remainder of that day and fast the days that follow; they do not make up the days that preceded their obligation.

One who becomes unconscious in Ramadan does not make up the day on which the fainting occurred, but must make up the days thereafter. Should an insane person regain sanity during Ramadan, he must make up the days that have already passed. When a woman begins menstruating she breaks her fast and later makes it up. If a traveler returns home, or a menstruating woman becomes pure, during the day, they must refrain from eating and drinking for the rest of that day.

Whoever eats the pre-dawn meal thinking that dawn has not yet broken, or breaks the fast believing that the sun has set, and then discovers that dawn had already risen or that the sun had not yet set, must make up that day, and no expiation is required.

Anyone who alone sights the crescent of Eid al-Fitr may not break the fast on the strength of his own sighting.

If the sky is obscured, the crescent of Eid al-Fitr is accepted only on the testimony of two men or one man and two women. If the sky is clear, it is accepted only on the report of a large group whose statement makes the sighting a matter of common knowledge.