If several agnatic heirs who trace back to the same father stand on an equal generational level, priority goes to the one who is a full-blood relative—that is, related through both father and mother.

The son, the son’s son, and the brothers share the estate with their sisters, the male receiving the portion of two females. All other agnatic heirs inherit alone: the males take the whole estate to the exclusion of the females.

When no agnate by blood is available, the agnatic right passes to the manumitting patron, and after him to the patron’s nearest agnates.

Chapter: Exclusion (ḥajb)
The mother’s share is reduced from one-third to one-sixth by the presence of a child or two siblings.

Any surplus after the daughters have received their fixed portion goes to the son’s sons and their sisters, a male receiving the share of two females.

Any residue beyond the two full sisters’ portion goes to the consanguine brothers and sisters, the male taking twice the share of the female.

If the deceased leaves one son’s daughter together with sons’ sons, the son’s daughter takes one-half and the remainder passes to those sons’ sons and their sisters, with a male receiving twice the share of a female. The same rule applies to the surplus that remains after a full sister’s portion: it goes to the paternal half-brothers and half-sisters, the male taking the share of two females.

If a person leaves two paternal cousins, one of whom is also a maternal half-brother, the maternal half-brother receives one-sixth and the rest is divided between the two cousins.

The “joint” problem (al-musharaka) occurs when a woman dies leaving a husband, a mother—or grandmother—two maternal sisters, and a full brother. The husband receives one-half, the mother one-sixth, the maternal siblings one-third, and the full siblings receive nothing.

Chapter: Reversion (al-radd)
If, after the quota-heirs have taken their fixed shares, a surplus remains and there is no agnatic heir, that surplus is returned to them in proportion to their original shares—except in the case of the two spouses.

A killer does not inherit from his victim. All forms of unbelief are deemed one community, so its adherents inherit from one another.

A Muslim does not inherit from a non-Muslim, nor does a non-Muslim inherit from a Muslim, and an apostate’s estate passes to his heirs from