mix with other people.
If someone embraces Islam while a jizya assessment is still outstanding against him, the levy is waived; and should two years overlap, only one year’s payment is taken.
It is not permissible to erect a new synagogue or church in Muslim territory, but if their old churches or synagogues collapse they may rebuild them.
The People of the Covenant must set themselves apart from Muslims in their dress, their mounts, saddles, and caps; they may not ride horses or carry weapons.
Should a dhimmī refuse to pay jizya, or kill a Muslim, or revile the Prophet ﷺ, or commit fornication with a Muslim woman, his covenant is not thereby annulled. The pact is broken only if they join the Abode of War or seize control of a locality and fight us.
When a Muslim apostasises, he is invited back to Islam; if he voices a doubt, it is clarified for him, and he is detained for three days. If he returns to Islam, well and good; otherwise he is executed. If someone kills him before Islam is offered to him, the act is disapproved yet no liability falls on the killer.
As for a woman who apostasises, she is not executed but confined until she accepts Islam.
An apostate’s ownership of his property is suspended by his apostasy: if he returns to Islam, it is reinstated; if he dies or is killed in apostasy, whatever he acquired while Muslim passes to his Muslim heirs, whereas whatever he acquired during his apostasy becomes fayʾ (state property).
If he flees to the Abode of War as an apostate and a judge rules that he has done so, his mudabbars and umm-walads are freed, his debts fall due, what he acquired while Muslim is transferred to his Muslim heirs, the debts incurred during his Islam are settled from what he earned during Islam, and the debts he incurred during his apostasy are settled from what he earned during apostasy.
Any sale, purchase, or other transaction he concluded with his property while apostate is held in suspension: if he returns to Islam, the contracts stand; if he dies, is killed, or joins the Abode of War, they are rendered void.
If, after judgment has been passed declaring his flight, the apostate comes back to Muslim territory as a believer, then whatever he finds in the hands of his heirs of