Al-Qudūrī - Al-Quduri - (234)

the booty, he parcels it out among the combatants as a temporary trust so that they can carry it to the Abode of Islam; once it arrives, he takes it back and distributes it properly.

It is not permissible to sell any part of the booty before that final division.

If a member of the force dies while still in enemy territory, he has no entitlement to the booty. Should he die after the booty has been removed to the Abode of Islam, his share passes to his heirs.

During the fighting the imam may legitimately spur the troops on by promising extra reward. He may say, “Whoever kills an enemy combatant shall have his personal spoils,” or he may tell a detachment, “I have assigned you one-quarter of the booty after the khums (the statutory one-fifth).”

No extra allotment is to be taken out after the booty has been secured except from that khums. If the imam does not award the personal spoils (salab) to the killer, the salab is counted as part of the general booty and the killer enjoys no greater right to it than anyone else.

Salab is whatever is found on the slain enemy—his clothing, weapons, and mount.

Once the Muslims have left enemy territory they may no longer feed their animals from the booty or eat from it, and anyone who still has fodder or provisions left over must return them to the common booty.

The imam then distributes the booty. He first removes one-fifth, and he divides the remaining four-fifths among the fighters: according to Abu Hanifah, the horseman receives two shares and the foot-soldier one share; Abu Yusuf and Muhammad maintain that the horseman receives three shares. A share is given only for one horse, and mixed-breed and thoroughbred horses are treated alike; no share is allotted for a riding camel or a mule.

Whoever entered enemy territory mounted and then lost his horse is still entitled to a horseman’s share, whereas one who entered on foot and later bought a horse is entitled only to a foot-soldier’s share.

No shares are assigned to a slave, a woman, a dhimmi ally, or a minor, though the imam may give each of them a discretionary gratuity.

As for the khums, it is divided into three portions: one portion for orphans, one for the needy, and one

الغنائم قسمها بين الغانمين قسمة إيداع ليحملوها إلى دار الإسلام ثم يرتجعها فيقسمها ولا يجوز بيع الغنائم قبل القسمة ومن مات من الغانمين في دار الحرب فلا حق له في الغنيمة ومن مات منهم بعد إخراجها إلى دار الإسلام فنصيبه لورثته ولا بأس أن ينقل الإمام في حال القتال ويحرض بالنفل على القتال فيقول: من قتل قتيلا فله سلبه أو يقول لسرية: قد جعلت لكم الربع بعد الخمس ولا ينقبل بعد إحراز الغنيمة إلا من الخمس وإذا لم يجعل السلب للقاتل فهو من جملة الغنيمة والقاتل وغيره فيه سواء والسلب: ما على المقتول من ثيابه وسلاحه ومركبه وإذا خرج المسلمون من دار الحرب لم يجز أن يعلفوا من الغنيمة ولا يأكلوا منها ومن فضل معه علف أو طعام إلى الغنية ويقسم الإمام الغنيمة: فيخرج خمسها ويقسم أربعة أخماسها بين الغانمين: للفارس سهما وللراجل سهم عند أبي حنيفة وقالا: للفارس ثلاثة أسهم ولا يسهم إلا لفرس واحد والبراذين والعتاق سواء ولا يسهم لراحلة ولا بغل ومن دخل دار الحرب فارسا فنفق فرسه استحق سهم فارس ومن دخل راجلا فاشترى فرسا استحق سهم راجل ولا يسهم لمملوك ولا امرأة ولا ذمي ولا صبي ولكن يرضخ لهم على حسب ما يراه الإمام وأما الخمس فيقسم على ثلاثة أسهم: سهم لليتامى وسهم للمساكين وسهم