43 – Book of Beverages
The prohibited beverages are four:
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Wine (khamr): grape juice once it ferments, thickens, and begins to foam.
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Grape juice that has been boiled until less than two-thirds of it has evaporated.
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The infusion (naqīʿ) of dates or of raisins once it ferments.
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The nabīdh of dates or of raisins: if either of them is given only minimal cooking it remains lawful—even when strong—provided one drinks no more than what he is reasonably sure will not intoxicate him, and provided it is not consumed for diversion or revelry. There is no harm in mixing the two together. Nabīdh made from honey, figs, wheat, barley, or millet is permissible even when uncooked.
Grape juice that is boiled down until two-thirds has evaporated and one-third remains is lawful, even if it has become strong. There is likewise no objection to preparing nabīdh in gourds, ḥantam vessels, pitch-coated jars, or naqīr containers.
When wine turns into vinegar it becomes lawful, whether the change occurs by itself or by something added to bring it about, and intentionally causing that transformation is not disliked.