in less than two years, the divorce becomes final; if she gives birth after more than two years, the child’s lineage is confirmed and the act of intercourse is regarded as a revocation of the divorce.

For a woman who has been irrevocably divorced, the child’s lineage is established if she gives birth in less than two years. If she gives birth exactly two years after the separation, the lineage is not established unless the former husband claims the child.

The lineage of a child born to a widow is acknowledged for every birth that occurs between the husband’s death and two full years thereafter.

If a woman in her waiting period admits that the period has ended and later bears a child in less than six months, the child’s lineage is confirmed; if she gives birth at six months, the lineage is not confirmed.

According to Abū Ḥanīfah, a child born to a woman in her waiting period is not attributed to the former husband unless the birth is attested by two men or by one man together with two women—unless the pregnancy was visibly apparent or the husband himself acknowledges the child, in which case no testimony is required. Abū Yūsuf and Muḥammad hold that in all such cases the testimony of a single woman who witnessed the delivery is sufficient.

If a man marries a woman and she bears a child in less than six months from the day of the marriage, the child’s lineage is not established. If she gives birth at six months or later, the lineage is confirmed if the husband acknowledges the child or remains silent; should he dispute the birth, the lineage may still be proven by the testimony of one woman who witnessed the delivery.

The maximum term of pregnancy is two years, and the minimum is six months.

If a dhimmī man divorces a dhimmī woman, she is not required to observe any waiting period.

When a woman who is pregnant as a result of fornication contracts a marriage, the marriage is valid, but the husband may not have intercourse with her until she has delivered. Allah knows best.