Al-Qudūrī - Al-Quduri - (145)

Al-QudūrīAl-Quduri

30 – The Book of Marriage

A marriage contract is concluded by an offer and an acceptance expressed in two statements. Both may be couched in the past tense, or one in the past and the other in the future; for example, the guardian says, “I have married her to you,” and the groom replies, “I accept.”

A marriage between Muslims is valid only in the presence of two free, adult, sane Muslim witnesses, or one man and two women, whether those witnesses are upright or not, even if they have previously undergone the prescribed punishment for slander. If a Muslim marries a dhimmī woman with two dhimmī witnesses, the contract is valid according to Abū Ḥanīfa and Abū Yūsuf, while Muḥammad rules it invalid.

It is unlawful for a man to marry his mother, any of his grandmothers on either side, his daughter, the daughter of his son however remote, his sister, the daughters of his sister, the daughters of his brother, his paternal or maternal aunt, a woman together with her mother whether or not he has consummated the marriage with the daughter, the daughter of a wife with whom he has consummated whether she is in his care or not, the wife of his father or forefathers, the wife of his son or grandsons, his milk-mother, or his milk-sister.

He may not have two sisters together, whether through marriage or by owning both as concubines and having relations with them. Nor may he combine a woman with her paternal or maternal aunt, the daughter of her brother, or the daughter of her sister. In general, he may not marry any two women who, were each of them a man, would be forbidden to marry each other. There is no objection, however, to his simultaneously marrying a woman and the daughter of a husband she had from a previous marriage.

If a man fornicates with a woman, her mother and her daughter become forbidden to him.

When a man issues an irrevocable divorce to his wife, he may not marry her sister until her waiting period is completed.

A master may not marry his own female slave, nor may a woman marry her own male slave.

It is permissible to marry women of the People of the Book; it is not permissible to marry Magian or idolatrous women. It is also permissible to marry Ṣābian women if

٣٠ - كتاب النكاح النكاح ينعقد بالإيجاب والقبول بلفظين يعبر بهما عن الماضي أو يعبر بأحدهما عن الماضي وبالآخر عن المستقبل مثل أن يقول: زوجتي فيقول زوجتك ولا يعقد نكاح المسلمين إلا بحضور شاهدين حرين بالغين عاقلين مسلمين أو رجل وامرأتين عدولا كانوا غيرا عدول أو محدودين في قذف فإن تزوج مسلم ذمية بشهادة ذميين جاز عند أبي حنيفة وأبي يوسف وقال محمد: لا يجوز ولا يحل للرجل أن يتزوج بأمه ولا بجداته من قبل الرجال والنساء ولا ببنته ولا ببنت ولده وإن سفلت ولا بأخته ولا ببنات أخته ولا ببنات أخيه ولا بعمته وال بخالته ولا بأم دخل بابنتها أو لم يدخل ولا ببنت امرأته التي دخل بها سواء كانت في حجره أو في حجر غيره ولا بامرأة أبيه وأجداده ولا بامرأة ابنه وبني أولاده ولا بأمه من الرضاعة ولا بأخيه من الرضاعة ولا يجمع بين أختين بنكاح ولا بملك يمين وطئا ولا يجمع بين المرأة وبين عمتها وخالتها ولا ابنة أخيها ولا ابنة أختها ولا يجمع بين امرأتين لو كانت كل واحدة منهما رجلا لم يجز له أن يتزوج بالأخرى ولا بأس أن يجمع بين امرأة وابنة زوج كان لها من قبل ومن زنى بامرأة حرمت عليه أمها وابنتها وإذا طلق الجل امرأته طلاقا بائنا لم يجز له أن يتزوج بأختها حتى تنقضي عدتها ولا يجوز أن يتزوج المولى أمته ولا المرأة عبدها ويجوز تزوج الكتابيات ولا يجوز تزوج المجوسيات ولا الوثنيات ويجوز تزوج الصابئيات إذا