16
5—All predatory animals are impure.
6—Carcasses are likewise impure, except for the corpse of a human being, creatures that have no flowing blood1, fish, and locusts, for these are pure.
Allah, Exalted is He, says: “Forbidden to you are carrion and blood,” to the end of the verse2 [al-Mā’idah: 3].
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The believer is not impure, whether alive or dead.”3
He also said: “Two kinds of dead creatures and two kinds of blood have been made lawful for us. The two dead creatures are fish and locusts, and the two kinds of blood are the liver and spleen.”4 Narrated by Ahmad and Ibn Mājah5.
28—As for the dung and urine of animals whose meat is lawful to eat, they6 are pure.
1. Such as flies, mosquitoes, and the like.
2. In manuscripts B and T: “the verse.”
3. “The believer does not become impure” was narrated by al-Bukhārī, 1/390, and Muslim, no. 371, from Abū Hurayra. The additional wording, “whether alive or dead,” is from the hadith of Ibn Abbās reported by al-Hākim, 1/542.
4. *Tihāl* (spleen) follows the morphological pattern of *kitāb*; its plural forms are *tuhul* and *athila*. It is an organ situated between the stomach and the diaphragm, on the left side of the abdomen. Its function is to produce blood and destroy old blood cells.
5. Narrated by Ahmad, 2/97; Ibn Mājah, no. 3314; al-Dāraqutnī, no. 25; and al-Bayhaqī, 1/254. Al-Albānī graded it authentic in *al-Sahīha*, no. 1118.
6. In manuscripts B and T: “for they are.”
٥- وَالسِّبَاعُ كُلُّهَا نَجِسَةٌ.
٦- وَكَذَلِكَ الْمَيْتَاتُ، إِلَّا مَيْتَةَ اَلْآدَمِيِّ، وَمَا لَا نَفْسَ لَهُ سَائِلَةً١، وَالسَّمَكَ والجراد؛ لأنها طاهرة.
قَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةُ وَالدَّمُ﴾ إِلَى آخِرِهَا٢ [اَلْمَائِدَةِ: ٣] .
وَقَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "اَلْمُؤْمِنُ لَا يَنْجُسُ حَيًّا وَلَا مَيِّتًا" ٣.
وقال: "أحل لنا ميتتان ودمَان، فأما الْمَيْتَتَانِ: فَالْحُوتُ وَالْجَرَادُ، وَأَمَّا الدُّمَانِ: فَالْكَبِدُ والطِّحال" ٤ رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ٥.
٢٨- وَأَمَّا أَرْوَاثُ اَلْحَيَوَانَاتِ المأكولة وأبوالها: فهي٦ طاهرة.
١ كالذباب والبعوض ونحوهما.
٢ في "ب، ط": الآية.
٣ "المؤمن لا ينجس" رواه البخاري "٣٩٠/١"، ومسلم "٣٧١" من حديث أبي هريرة، وأما زيادة: "حيا ولا ميتا" فهي من حديث ابن عباس عند الحاكم "٥٤٢/١".
٤ الطِّحال: بزنة "كتاب"، وجمعه طُحُل وأَطْحِلَة، هو عضو يقع بين المعدة والحجاب الحاجز في يسار البطن، وظيفته تكوين الدم، وإتلاف القديم من كُرياته.
٥ أخرجه أحمد "٩٧/٢"، وابن ماجه "٣٣١٤"، والدارقطني "٢٥"، والبيهقي "٢٥٤/١"، وصححه الألباني "الصحيحة: ١١١٨".
٦ في "ب، ط": "فإنها".