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and minor ritual impurity, as well as physical impurity, has no valid prayer.
8—Purification is of two types:
9—The first is purification with water, which is the primary means1.
10—Any water that falls from the sky or springs2 from the earth is pure and purifying: it removes ritual and physical impurities, even if its color, taste, or smell is altered by something pure. The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said: “Water is pure and purifying; nothing renders it impure.” This was narrated by the compilers of the Sunan collections3, and it is authentic4.
11—If any of its characteristics is altered by an impure substance, it becomes impure and must be avoided 5.
= purification.” Al-Bukhārī, however, did not record it; he only used it as a chapter heading. Al-Hāfiz (the hadith master) said (1/234): “It has numerous chains of transmission, but none meets al-Bukhārī’s criteria. He therefore confined himself to mentioning it in the chapter heading and cited in the chapter another hadith that serves in its place—namely: ‘The prayer of anyone who enters a state of ritual impurity is not accepted until he performs ablution.’”
(2) In “B” and “T”: “came forth.”
(3) Recorded by Ahmad (3/31, 86), who declared it authentic; by Abū Dāwūd in al-Sunan (no. 66); by al-Tirmidhī (no. 66), who graded it *hasan* (sound); by al-Nasā’ī (1/174); and by al-Dāraqutnī (1/31).
(4) Added from “B” and “T.”
(5) The Shaykh said: “The correct view is that water falls into two categories: pure and purifying, or impure and contaminating. The criterion distinguishing them is a change in one of its characteristics caused by impurities =
والأصغر والنجاسة فلا صلاة له.
٨- والطهارة نوعان:
٩- أحدهما: الطهارة بالماء، وَهِيَ اَلْأَصْلُ١.
١٠- فَكُلُّ مَاءٍ نَزَلَ مِنَ اَلسَّمَاءِ، أَوْ نَبَعَ٢ مِنْ اَلْأَرْضِ، فَهُوَ طَهُورٌ، يُطَهِّرُ مِنَ اَلْأَحْدَاثِ وَالْأَخْبَاثِ، وَلَوْ تَغَيَّرَ لَوْنُهُ أَوْ طَعْمُهُ أَوْ رِيحُهُ بِشَيْءٍ طَاهِرٍ، كَمَا قَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "إِنَّ الْمَاءَ طَهُورٌ لَا يُنَجِّسُهُ شَيءٌ" رَوَاهُ أَهْلُ اَلسُّنَنِ٣، وهو صحيح٤.
١١- فَإِنْ تَغَيَّرَ أَحَدُ أَوْصَافِهِ بِنَجَاسَةٍ فَهُوَ نَجِسٌ، يجب اجتنابه ٥.
= طهور"، أما البخاري فلم يخرِّجه وإنما وضعه ترجمة لباب. قال الحافظ "٢٣٤/١": وله طرق كثيرة لكن ليس فيها شيء على شرط البخاري؛ فلهذا اقتصر على ذكره في الترجمة، وأورد في الباب ما يقوم مقامه يعني حديث: "لا تقبل صلاة من أحدث حتى يتوضأ".
٢ في "ب، ط": "خرج".
٣ أخرجه أحمد "٣١/٣- ٨٦" وصححه، وأبو داود في السنن "٦٦"، والترمذي "٦٦" وحسنه، والنسائي "١٧٤/١"، والدارقطني "٣١/١".
٤ زيادة من: "ب، ط".
٥ قال الشيخ: "الصواب أن الماء نوعان: طهور مطهر، ونجس منجس، وأن الحد الفاصل بينهما: هو التغير لأحد أوصافه بالنجاسات =