Manhaj al-Salikin wa Tawdih al-Fiqh fi al-Din - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (233)

BOOK OF CRIMINAL OFFENSES

623—Unlawful killing is divided into three categories:

The first is intentional, unlawful killing: deliberately targeting the victim1 with an act that is ordinarily lethal. In this case, the victim’s legal heir may choose between having the offender put to death and accepting blood money2, for the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) said: “If someone’s relative is killed, he has the better of two options: either to have the killer put to death or to accept blood money3.” Reported by al-Bukhārī and Muslim4.

The second is quasi-intentional killing: deliberately committing an offense against the victim by means that are not ordinarily lethal.

The third is accidental killing: when the offense occurs without intent, whether through a direct act or indirect causation.

(1) In B and T: “kills him.” The same reading appears in A, but “targets him” is written above it without the original wording being erased. (2) The Shaykh considered the stronger view to be that the offender should be treated in the same manner as he treated the victim, just as the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) had the head of the Jewish man crushed after he had crushed a girl’s head between two stones. (*al-Mukhtārāt al-Jaliyya*, p. 115). (3) In B and T: “accepts blood money in exchange for him.” (4) Reported by al-Bukhārī, 2/205, and Muslim, no. 1355.

كِتَابُ اَلْجِنَايَاتِ ٦٢٣- اَلْقَتْلُ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ، يَنْقَسِمُ إِلَى ثلاثة أقسام: أحدها: العمد العدوان، وهو: أن يقصده١ بِجِنَايَةٍ تَقْتُلُ غَالِبًا، فَهَذَا يُخَيَّرُ اَلْوَلِيُّ فِيهِ بين القتل والديه٢؛ لِقَوْلِهِ ﷺ: "مَنْ قُتِلَ له قتيل فهو بخير النظرين: إما أن يقتل، وإما أن يفدى٣" متفق عليه٤. اَلثَّانِي: شِبْهِ اَلْعَمْدِ، وَهُوَ: أَنْ يَتَعَمَّدَ اَلْجِنَايَةَ عَلَيْهِ بِمَا لَا يَقْتُلُ غَالِبًا. اَلثَّالِثُ: اَلْخَطَأُ، وَهُوَ أَنْ تَقَعَ اَلْجِنَايَةُ مِنْهُ بِغَيْرِ قَصْدٍ، بمباشرة أو سبب.

١ في "ب، ط": يقتله، وكذا ورد في "أ" لكن كتب فوقها "يقصده" دون كشط. ٢ رجح الشيخ: أنه يفعل بالجاني كما فعل، كما رضي النبي ﷺ رأس اليهودي الذي رض رأس الجارية بين حجرين. "المختارات الجلية ص ١١٥". ٣ في "ب، ط": يفديه. ٤ أخرجه البخاري "٢٠٥/٢"، ومسلم "١٣٥٥".