Manhaj al-Salikin wa Tawdih al-Fiqh fi al-DinAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

616—Abd al-Rahmān ibn Samura reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “If you swear an oath and then see that something else is better, expiate your oath and do what is better.” Agreed upon1.

617—It is stated in the hadith: “Whoever swears an oath and says, ‘If Allah wills,’ is not deemed to have broken it.” Recorded by the Five2 3.

618—In interpreting oaths, reference is made to:

a—the intention of the person swearing the oath;

b—then the reason that prompted the oath.

(1) Recorded by al-Bukhārī, vol. 13, p. 123, and Muslim, no. 1652. (2) Recorded by Ahmad, vol. 2, p. 10; al-Dārimī, vol. 2, p. 158; Abū Dāwūd, no. 3261; al-Tirmidhī, no. 1531, who graded it *hasan* (good); al-Nasā’ī, vol. 7, p. 25; Ibn Mājah, no. 2105; Ibn Hibbān, *Mawārid*, no. 1183; and al-Hākim, vol. 4, p. 303, who authenticated it. It was also authenticated by Ibn Daqīq al-Īd. (3) What is meant is that anyone who says *in shā’ Allāh* (if Allah wills) when swearing an oath does not break it if he fails to do what he swore to do. They stated that this is subject to three conditions: First: He must intend to make the matter covered by the oath contingent upon the will of Allah Most High. This does not apply if he utters the phrase merely to seek blessing or says it inadvertently, without intending it. Second: The qualification must be connected to the oath, either verbally or constructively. Third: He must articulate and pronounce the qualification; merely intending it in his heart is of no benefit. Adapted from al-Bassām, *Tawdīh al-Ahkām*, vol. 6, p. 87.
٦١٦- وعن عبد الرحمن بن سمرة قال: قال رسول الله ﷺ: "إذا حلفت علي يمين فرأيت غيرها خيراً منها فكفر عن يمينك، وائت الذي هو خير" مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ١. ٦١٧- وَفِي اَلْحَدِيثِ: "مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ، فَقَالَ: إِنْ شَاءَ اَللَّهُ، فَلَا حِنْثَ عليه" رواه الخمسة ٢ ٣. ٦١٨- وَيُرْجَعُ فِي اَلْأَيْمَانِ إِلَى: أَ- نِيَّةُ اَلْحَالِفِ. بِ- ثُمَّ إِلَى اَلسَّبَبِ اَلَّذِي هَيَّجَ اَلْيَمِينَ.
١ أخرجه البخاري "١٢٣/١٣"، ومسلم "١٦٥٢". ٢ أخرجه أحمد "١٠/٢"، والدارمي "١٥٨/٢"، وأبو داود "٣٢٦١"، والترمذي "١٥٣١" وحسنه، والنسائي "٢٥/٧"، وابن ماجه "٢١٠٥"، وابن حبان "موارد ١١٨٣"، والحاكم "٣٠٣/٤" وصححه، وصححه ابن دقيق العيد. ٣ المراد: أن من قال- إن شاء الله- في يمينه أنه لا يحنث لو لم يأت بما حلف عليه. قالوا: ويشترط له ثلاثة شروط: الأول: أن يقصد تعليق المحلوف عليه على مشيئة الله تعالى، لا إن جاء بها للتبرك أو كانت سبق لسان بلا قصد. الثاني: أن يتصل الاستثناء بيمينه لفظاً أو حكماً. الثالث: أن يستثني لفظاً ونطقاً، فلا ينفعه أن يستثني بقلبه. أهـ. بتصرف من "توضيح الأحكام للبسام ٨٧/٦".

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