Manhaj al-Salikin wa Tawdih al-Fiqh fi al-Din - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (223)

Book of Foods
Introduction
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BOOK OF FOODS

600—Foods are of two types: animals and non-animals:

A—As for foods other than animals—such as grains, fruits, and the like—they are all permissible except those that are harmful, such as poison and similar substances. All beverages are likewise permissible except those that intoxicate, for both large and small quantities of them are forbidden, based on the hadith: “Every intoxicant is forbidden. Whatever causes intoxication by the vesselful is forbidden even by the handful.” 1

If wine turns into vinegar, it becomes lawful.

B—Animals are of two categories:

1—Marine animals: Everything in the sea is lawful, whether alive or dead. Allah Most High says: “Lawful to you is game from the sea and its food.” The Table Spread: 96.

(1) Narrated by Ahmad (6/71), Abu Dāwūd (3687), al-Tirmidhī (1867), who graded it hasan, Ibn al-Jārūd (861), al-Tahāwī (2/324), and al-Bayhaqī (8/296). The word *al-faraq* may be pronounced with the letter *rā’* either unvowelled or with a *fatha*, the latter being more correct. It is a unit of measure equivalent to three *sāʿs* or sixteen *ratls*.

كتاب الأطعمة مدخل ... كِتَاب اَلْأَطْعِمَةِ ٦٠٠- وَهِيَ نَوْعَانِ: حَيَوَانٌ وَغَيْرُهُ: أَ- فَأَمَّا غَيْرُ اَلْحَيَوَانِ- مِنْ اَلْحُبُوبِ وَالثِّمَارِ وَغَيْرِهَا- فَكُلُّهُ مُبَاحٌ، إِلَّا مَا فِيهِ مَضَرَّةٌ، كَالسُّمِّ وَنَحْوِهِ، واَلْأَشْرِبَةُ كُلُّهَا مُبَاحَة إِلَّا مَا أَسْكَرَ، فإنه يحرم كثيره وقليله؛ لِحَدِيثٍ: "كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرَامٌ، وَمَا أَسْكَرَ مِنْهُ اَلْفَرَقُ فَمِلْءُ اَلْكَفِّ مِنْهُ حَرَامٌ" ١ وَإِنْ اِنْقَلَبَتْ اَلْخَمْرُ خَلًّا حَلَّتْ. بِ- وَالْحَيَوَانُ قِسْمَانِ: ١- بَحْرِيٌّ، فَيَحِلُّ كُلُّ مَا فِي اَلْبَحْر حَيًّا وَمَيِّتًا؛ قَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ صَيْدُ الْبَحْرِ وَطَعَامُهُ﴾ المائدة: ٩٦.

١ رواه أحمد "٧١/٦"، وأبو داود "٣٦٨٧"، والترمذي "١٨٦٧" وحسنه، وابن الجارود "٨٦١"، والطحاوي "٣٢٤/٢"، والبيهقي "٢٩٦/٨"، والفرق: بتسكين الراء أو فتحها، وهو الأصح، مكيال يسع ثلاثة آصع، أو ستة عشر رطلًا.