16
CHAPTER ON ĪLĀ’, ZIHĀR, AND LI‘ĀN
[Īlā’]
571—Īlā’ is when a man swears1 to abstain from intercourse with his wife forever or for a period exceeding four months.
572—If the wife demands her conjugal right, he is ordered to have intercourse with her and is given four months:
If he does so, he must offer the expiation for an oath.
If he refuses, he is compelled to divorce her,
for Allah Most High says: “Those who swear to abstain from their wives must wait four months. If they return, then Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful. But if they resolve upon divorce, then Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing” [al-Baqarah: 226, 227].
[Zihār]
573—Zihār is when a man says to his wife: “To me, you are like my mother’s back,
(1) The shaykh held that *īlā’* is constituted by an oath sworn by Allah, by divorce or manumission, or by anything else regarded as an oath, based on the general wording of His statement: “Those who swear to abstain from their wives.” *Al-Mukhtārāt al-Jaliyya*, p. 109.
بَابُ الإيلاءِ وَالظِّهَارِ واللِّعَانِ
[اَلْإِيلَاءُ]
٥٧١- فَالْإِيلَاءُ: أَنْ يَحْلِفَ١ عَلَى تَرْكِ وَطْءِ زَوْجَتِهِ أَبَدًا، أَوْ مُدَّةً تَزِيدُ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ.
٥٧٢- فَإِذَا طَلَبَتْ اَلزَّوْجَةُ حَقَّهَا مِنْ اَلْوَطْءِ، أُمِرَ بِوَطْئِهَا، وَضُرِبَتْ لَهُ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ:
فَإِنْ وَطِئَ كَفَّرَ كَفَّارَةَ يَمِينٍ،
وَإِنْ اِمْتَنَعَ أُلْزِمَ بِالطَّلَاقِ؛
لِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿لِلَّذِينَ يُؤْلُونَ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ تَرَبُّصُ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ فَإِنْ فَاءُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ، وَإِنْ عَزَمُوا الطَّلاقَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ﴾ [اَلْبَقَرَة: ٢٢٦، ٢٢٧] .
[الظهار]
٥٧٣- وَالظِّهَارُ أَنْ يَقُولَ لِزَوْجَتِهِ: أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ أمي،
١ صحح الشيخ، أن الإيلاء ينعقد باليمين بالله وبالطلاق والعتق، وغير ذلك مما يعد حلفا؛ لعموم قوله: ﴿لِلَّذِينَ يُؤْلُونَ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ﴾ . "المختارات الجلية، ص: ١٠٩".