Manhaj al-Salikin wa Tawdih al-Fiqh fi al-Din - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (188)

486—Manumission is one of the most virtuous acts of worship, as stated in the hadith: “For any Muslim man who emancipates a Muslim man, Allah will save one of the emancipator’s limbs from the Fire for every limb of the emancipated slave.” Agreed upon1.

487—The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)2 was asked, “Which slave is best to emancipate?” He replied, “The one who commands the highest price and is most highly valued by his owners.” Agreed upon3.

488—Manumission takes effect:

(a) By declaration: using the term “manumission” or any expression conveying the same meaning.

(b) By ownership: if someone comes to own a blood relative within the prohibited degrees of marriage, that relative automatically becomes free.

(d) By extension of emancipation4, as stated in the hadith: “Whoever emancipates a share that he owns in a slave, if he possesses enough wealth to cover the slave’s price, the slave shall be appraised at a fair value at his expense,

1. Recorded by al-Bukhārī, 5/146, and Muslim, no. 1509. 2. Added from manuscript “T.” 3. Recorded by al-Bukhārī, 5/148, and Muslim, no. 84. 4. “Extension” means that if someone manumits his share in a slave jointly owned by him and another person, his share of the slave is thereby freed, and the manumission extends to the remainder, subject to the details stated in the hadith.

٤٨٦- وهو من أفضل العبادات؛ لحديث: "أيما امرئ مسلم أعتق امرءًا مسلمًا استنقذ الله بكل عضو منه عضوًا منه من النار" مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ١. ٤٨٧- وَسُئِلَ (رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ﷺ ٢: "أَيُّ اَلرِّقَابِ أفضلُ؟ فَقَالَ: "أَغْلَاهَا ثَمَنًا، وَأَنْفَسُهَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِهَا" مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ٣. ٤٨٨- وَيَحْصُلُ اَلْعِتْقُ: أَ- بِالْقَوْلِ: وَهُوَ لَفْظُ اَلْعِتْقِ وَمَا فِي مَعْنَاهُ. بِ- وبالمِلك، فَمَنْ مَلَكَ ذَا رحمٍ مُحَرَّمٍ مِنْ اَلنَّسَبِ عَتَقَ عَلَيْهِ. ج- وَبِالتَّمْثِيلِ بِعَبْدِهِ بِقَطْعِ عُضْوٍ مِنْ أَعْضَائِهِ أَوْ تحريقه. دُ- وَبِالسِّرَايَةِ٤؛ لِحَدِيثٍ: "مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ فَكَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَ العبد قُوِّمَ عليه قيمة عدل،

١ أخرجه البخاري "١٤٦/٥"، ومسلم "١٥٠٩". ٢ زيادة من: "ط". ٣ أخرجه البخاري "١٤٨/٥"، ومسلم "٨٤". ٤ المقصود بالسراية: أن من أعتق نصيبًا له في عبد مشترك بينه وبين غيره فإنه يعتق نصيبه من العبد، ويسري العتق إلى الباقي، على التفصيل المذكور في الحديث.