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they are connected to the deceased.
480—Anyone who leaves no heir has their property assigned to the public treasury, to be used for public and individual welfare needs.
481—When a person dies, four rights attach to the estate, in the following order:
1—First, the expenses of preparing the deceased for burial.
2—Then secured and unsecured debts1, which are paid from the estate as a whole.
3—Then, if the deceased made a bequest in favor of a non-heir, it is executed from one-third of the estate.
4—The remainder then passes to the heirs mentioned above. Allah knows best.
482—There are three causes of inheritance:
1—Blood kinship,
2—A valid marriage2,
3—The bond of manumission.
483—There are three impediments to inheritance:
1—Homicide,
(1) A secured debt is one backed by collateral. An unsecured debt is one not secured by collateral or the like.
(2) If a man dies after irrevocably divorcing his wife, she inherits from him if he divorced her during a life-threatening final illness. If he divorced her while healthy or during a non-life-threatening illness, she does not inherit. In the case of a revocable divorce, if her husband dies while she is still observing the waiting period, she inherits from him and must observe the prescribed waiting period and mourning. *Nūr al-Basāʾir*, p. 46.
أَدَلُّوا بِهِ.
٤٨٠- وَمَنْ لَا وَارِثَ لَهُ فَمَالُهُ لبيت المال، يصرف في المصالح العامة والخاصة.
٤٨١- وإذا مات الإنسان تعلق بِتَرِكَتِهِ أربعة حقوق مرتبة:
١- أولها: مؤن التجهيز.
٢- ثُمَّ اَلدُّيُونُ اَلْمُوَثَّقَةُ وَالْمُرْسَلَةُ١ مِنْ رَأْسِ اَلْمَالِ.
٣- ثُمَّ إِذَا كَانَ لَهُ وَصِيَّةٌ تَنْفُذُ مِنْ ثُلُثِهِ لِلْأَجْنَبِيِّ.
٤- ثُمَّ اَلْبَاقِي لِلْوَرَثَةِ اَلْمَذْكُورِينَ، وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.
٤٨٢- وأَسْبَابُ اَلْإِرْثِ ثَلَاثَةٌ:
١- اَلنَّسَبُ،
٢- وَالنِّكَاحُ اَلصَّحِيحُ٢،
٣- والولاء.
٤٨٣- وموانعه ثلاثة:
١- القتل،
١ مثال الدَّين الموثق: الدَّين الذي فيه رهن. والدَّين المرسل: هو الذي لم يوثق برهن ونحوه.
٢ من مات وقد طلق زوجته طلاقًا بائنًا، فإن كان في مرض موته الْمَخُوف ورثت منه، وإن كان الطلاق في الصحة أو في مرض غير مخوف لم ترث، وأما الرجعية فإذا مات زوجها وهي في العدة ورثت واعتدَّتْ واحتدَّتْ. "نور البصائر، ص: ٤٦".