Manhaj al-Salikin wa Tawdih al-Fiqh fi al-Din - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (180)

Manhaj al-Salikin wa Tawdih al-Fiqh fi al-DinAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

divide the estate among themselves.

453—Any remainder after the prescribed shares is distributed so that a male receives the share of two females.

454—The male heirs in the groups mentioned above take the entire estate, or whatever remains after the prescribed shares.

455—A single daughter receives one-half.

456—Two or more daughters receive two-thirds.

457—If there is a daughter and a son’s daughter, the daughter receives one-half and the son’s daughter one-sixth, thereby completing the two-thirds.

458—The same applies to full sisters and paternal half-sisters in a case of kalāla1, when the deceased leaves neither descendants nor ascendants.

459—If the daughters exhaust the two-thirds, the son’s daughters below them are excluded, unless a male2 of their degree or a lower degree makes them residuary heirs.

460—Likewise, full sisters exclude paternal half-sisters unless the latter’s brother3 makes them residuary heirs.

(1) That is, in the verse concerning *kalāla*, the final verse of Surah al-Nisā. *Kalāla* refers to a person who has neither a parent nor a child. (2) Inheritance jurists call this *al-qarīb al-mubārak* (“the blessed kinsman”), because without him a son’s daughter would inherit nothing. (3) They likewise call this *al-akh al-mubārak* (“the blessed brother”), because without him paternal half-sisters would inherit nothing alongside full sisters. Its converse is *al-akh al-mash’ūm* (“the ill-fated brother”), as in a case involving a husband, a full sister, a paternal half-sister, and a paternal half-brother. The paternal half-sister would have received one-sixth, thereby completing the two-thirds; but her brother’s presence made her a residuary heir, leaving nothing for either of them.

يقتسمون المال. ٤٥٣- وما أَبْقَتِ الفروض، للذكر مثل حظ الأنثيين. ٤٥٤- وأن الذكور من المذكورين، يأخذون المال، أو ما أبقت الفروض. ٤٥٥- وأن الواحدة من البنات، لها النصف. ٤٥٦- والثنتين فأكثر، لهما الثلثان. ٤٥٧- وإذا كانت بنتٌ وبنتُ ابنٍ، فَلِلْبِنْت النصف، ولبنت الابن السدس تكملة الثلثين. ٤٥٨- وَكَذَلِكَ اَلْأَخَوَاتِ اَلشَّقِيقَاتِ، وَاَللَّاتِي لِلْأَبِ فِي اَلْكَلَالَةِ١؛ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَا وَالِدٌ. ٤٥٩- وَأَنَّهُ إِذَا اِسْتَغْرَقَتِ اَلْبَنَاتُ اَلثُّلُثَيْنِ، سَقَطَ مَنْ دُونَهُنَّ مِنْ بَنَاتِ اَلِابْنِ، إِذَا لَمْ يَعْصِبْهُنَّ ذَكَرٌ٢ بِدَرَجَتِهِنَّ أَوْ أَنْزَلَ مِنْهُنَّ. ٤٦٠- وَكَذَلِكَ اَلشَّقِيقَات يُسْقِطْنَ اَلْأَخَوَاتِ لِلْأَبِ، إِذَا لَمْ يَعْصِبْهُنَّ أَخُوهُنَّ٣.

١ أي: في آية الكلالة، وهي آخر آية في سورة النساء، والكلالة: من لا والد له ولا ولد. ٢ هذا الذي يسميه الفرضيون: القريبَ المبارك؛ لأنه لولاه لما ورثت بنت الابن شيئًا. ٣ وهذا يسمونه أيضًا: الأخ المبارك؛ لأنه لولاه لما ورثت الأخوات لأب مع الشقيقات شيئًا. وضده الأخ المشئوم في مسألة: زوج، وشقيقة، وأخت لأب، وأخ لأب، فالأخت لأب كانت ستأخذ السدس تكملة الثلثين، فجاء أخوها فعصبها فلم يَبْقَ لهما شيء.