16
Chapter on Endowments
428—An endowment consists of preserving the principal and dedicating its benefits.
429—It is among the best and most beneficial acts of devotion when devoted to a charitable cause and free from injustice1, based on the hadith: “When a servant dies, his deeds cease except for three: ongoing charity, knowledge from which benefit is derived, or a righteous child who supplicates for him.”
= consent to waive it; for the Lawgiver established this right to prevent harm to a co-owner of real property. Thus, what the Lawgiver has established cannot be extinguished except by words or conduct indicating consent to waive it. A person entitled to pre-emption may not act immediately because he wishes to consider the matter and deliberate. Pressing him for an immediate decision in such circumstances is contrary to the leniency established by the Lawgiver. As for the hadith, “Pre-emption is like untying a tether,” and the hadith, “Pre-emption belongs to whoever promptly claims it,” neither has been authentically established. *Al-Mukhtārāt al-Jaliyya*, p. 93.
(1) The jurists’ stipulation that an endowment must serve a charitable purpose indicates that establishing an endowment for some heirs to the exclusion of others is prohibited and legally ineffective, as the shaykh deemed to be the correct view in *Al-Mukhtārāt al-Jaliyya*, p. 96. He also stated: Since an endowment is required to be an act of devotion, by consensus of the jurists, an endowment made by a debtor that would prejudice his creditors is invalid, even if he has not been placed under legal interdiction.
بَابُ الوَقْفِ
٤٢٨- وَهُوَ تَحْبِيسُ اَلْأَصْلِ وَتَسْبِيلَ اَلْمَنَافِعِ.
٤٢٩- وهو من أَفْضَلُ القُرَب وَأَنْفَعُهَا إِذَا كَانَ عَلَى جِهَةِ بر، وسلم من الظلم١؛ لحديث: "إذا مات العبد انقطع عمله إلا من ثلاث: صدقةٍ جارية، أو علمٍ ينتفع به، أو ولدٍ صالح يدعو له"
= على الرضا بإسقاطه؛ لأن الشارع أثبته لدفع الضرر عن الشريك في العقار، فلا يسقط ما أثبته الشارع إلا بما يدل على إسقاطه، من قول أو فعل دال على الرضا بالإسقاط، وقد لا يبادر من له حق الشفعة لينظر في أمره ويتروى، فمعاجلته في هذه الحال مخالفة لما أثبته الشارع من الرفق، وأما حديث: "الشُّفْعَةُ كَحَلِّ العِقَالِ" وحديث: "الشُّفْعَةُ لمن واثبها" فلم يثبتا. "المختارات الجلية، ص: ٩٣".
١ اشتراط الفقهاء أن يكون الوقف على جهة بر يدل على أن الوقف على بعض الورثة دون بعض يحرم، ولا ينفذ كما صَوّبه الشيخ "في المختارات الجلية، ص: ٩٦"، وقال أيضًا: وإذا كان الوقف شرطه القربة، باتفاق الفقهاء، فالوقف ممن عليه ديون يضر بها غير نافذ، ولو كان لم يحجر عليه.