Manhaj al-Salikin wa Tawdih al-Fiqh fi al-DinAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

415—Any increase in it belongs to its owner.1

416—If it is land and he plants or builds on it, the owner may have what he planted or built removed, based on the hadith: “No right accrues from a wrongful planting.” Reported by Abū Dāwūd.2

417—If the property passes from the usurper to someone who knows that it was wrongfully taken, he is subject to the same ruling as the usurper.

(1) The shaykh determined that if usurped property is changed from one form into another—such as when timber is fashioned into a door or iron is made into vessels—it remains the property of the person from whom it was usurped. If, however, it is completely transformed—such as when an egg becomes a chick or a fruit stone grows into a tree—this appears to constitute a form of destruction. The usurper must therefore compensate the owner with an equivalent of the usurped property, if possible, or otherwise with its value. *Al-Mukhtārāt al-Jaliyya*, p. 92. (2) Recorded by Abū Dāwūd (no. 3073) and al-Tirmidhī (no. 1378), who said: “This is a sound but uncommon hadith.” Al-Hāfiz Ibn Hajar also graded its chain of transmission sound, as stated in *Bulūgh al-Marām*. After citing the hadith’s various chains, he said in *Fath al-Bārī* (5/14): “Their chains are open to criticism, but they strengthen one another.” The shaykh said in *Nūr al-Basā'ir*, p. 36: “As for one who is not acting wrongfully—such as a tenant who plants or builds—he is entitled to keep his plantings or buildings in place. He and the landowner must, however, agree either that they remain in return for rent, that the landowner acquire them at their value, or upon whatever other terms they mutually accept.”
٤١٥- وزيادته لربه١. ٤١٦- وَإِنْ كَانَتْ أَرْضًا فَغَرَسَ أَوْ بَنَى فِيهَا، فَلِرَبِّهِ قلعُه؛ لِحَدِيثِ "لَيْسَ لِعِرْقٍ ظَالِمٍ حَقٌّ" رواه أبو داود٢. ٤١٧- ومن انتقلت إليه العين من الغاصب، وهو عالم، فحكمه حكم الغاصب.
١ قرر الشيخ، أن المغصوب إذا انتقل من حالة إلى أخرى، كما إذا نجر الخشب بابا، أو جعل الحديدَ أوانيَ، فإنه على ملك المغصوب منه، وأما إذا استحال بالكلية بأن كانت البيضة فرخا أو النوى غرسا فإن الظاهر أن هذا نوع من الإتلاف فيضمن الغاصب مثل المغصوب إن أمكن، وإلا فالقيمة. "المختارات الجلية، ص: ٩٢". ٢ أخرجه أبو داود "٣٠٧٣"، والترمذي "١٣٧٨"، وقال: هذا حديث حسن غريب، وحسَّن الحافظ ابن حجر إسناده، كما في البلوغ، وقال في الفتح "١٤/٥" بعد ذكر طرق الحديث: "وفي أسانيدها مقال، لكن يتقوى بعضها ببعض". قال الشيخ في "نور البصائر، ص: ٣٦": وأما غير الظالم: كغِراس المستأجر وبنيانه فإنه مستحق الإبقاء، لكن يتفق هو ومالك الأرض إما على إبقائه بأجرة، أو يتملكه صاحب الأرض بقيمته، أو بما اتفقا عليه.

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