(1) Shaykh al-Sa‘dī explained in *al-Irshād* (p. 150) that Shaykh al-Islām held that analogous activities should be included with these three—such as anything that strengthens obedience to Allah and jihad in His cause, as well as prize-based competitions in scholarly matters—because the rationale permitting prizes in the three aforementioned activities also applies to their analogues. This is the view best supported by the evidence. End of adapted quotation. In *al-Mukhtārāt al-Jaliyya* (p. 90), he also affirmed that prize-bearing competitions in horse racing, camel racing, and archery are permissible even when both competitors contribute the stake; that a *muhallil* (a third competitor who contributes no stake) is not required; and that all gambling is forbidden apart from these three because their benefit predominates. The hadith mentioning the *muhallil* was deemed weak by many leading scholars.