Manhaj al-Salikin wa Tawdih al-Fiqh fi al-Din - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (162)

388—and all of them are permissible.

389—Any such partnership is invalidated if it involves injustice and uncertainty affecting either partner—for example, if one partner is assigned the profit from a specified period and the other the profit from another period, or if one is assigned the profit from one1 of two commodities, or one1 of two trading journeys, and similar arrangements.

390—The same also invalidates orchard sharecropping and field sharecropping.

Rāfi ibn Khadīj said: “During the time of the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—people would lease land in return for the produce growing along the banks of streams and at the heads of irrigation channels, together with a portion2 of the crop. One part would perish while the other survived, or the other would survive while the first perished. This was the only form of rent people used. (That is why he forbade it) 3. As for a specified, guaranteed payment, there is no harm in it.” Muslim narrated it4.

“The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—entered into a sharecropping agreement with the people of Khaybar for half of whatever it yielded in the form of

(1) In “A,” both occurrences have the masculine form *ahad* (“one”). (2) In “B” and “T”: “things.” (3) Added from “B” and “T.” (4) Recorded by Muslim (no. 1547). *Al-mādhiyānāt* has a kasrah on the *dhāl*, although Iyād also reported it with a fathah. It is the plural of *mādhiya*, meaning vegetation that grows along riverbanks and watercourses. The word is not Arabic. The phrase *aqbāl al-jadāwil* refers to the beginnings or heads of watercourses.

٣٨٨- وَكُلُّهَا جَائِزَةٌ. ٣٨٩- وَيُفْسِدُهَا إِذَا دَخَلَهَا اَلظُّلْمُ وَالْغَرَرُ لِأَحَدِهِمَا، كَأَنْ يَكُونَ لِأَحَدِهِمَا رِبْحُ وَقْتٍ مُعَيَّنٍ، وَلِلْآخَرِ رِبْحُ وَقْتٍ آخَرَ، أَوْ رِبْحُ إِحْدَى١ اَلسِّلْعَتَيْنِ، أَوْ إِحْدَى١ اَلسَّفْرَتَيْنِ، وَمَا يُشْبِهُ ذَلِكَ. ٣٩٠- كما يفسد ذلك المساقاة والمزارعة. وَقَالَ رَافِعُ بْنُ خَدِيجٍ: وَكَانَ اَلنَّاسُ يُؤَاجِرُونَ على عهد رسول الله ﷺ مَا عَلَى الْمَاذِيَانَاتِ، وَأَقْبَالِ اَلْجَدَاوِلِ، وَشَيْءٌ٢ مِنْ اَلزَّرْعِ، فَيَهْلِكُ هَذَا وَيَسْلَمُ هَذَا، وَيَسْلَمُ هَذَا وَيَهْلِكُ هَذَا، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِلنَّاسِ كِرَاءٌ إِلَّا هَذَا، (فَلِذَلِكَ زَجَرَ عَنْهُ) ٣. فَأَمَّا شَيْءٌ مَعْلُومٌ مَضْمُونٌ، فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ٤. وعامل النبي -صلى الله عليه عليه وسلم- أَهْلَ خَيْبَرَ بِشَطْرِ مَا يَخْرُجُ منها من

١ في "أ": "أحد". في الموضعين. ٢ في "ب، ط": "أشياء". ٣ زيادة من: "ب، ط". ٤ أخرجه مسلم "١٥٤٧". والماذيانات: بكسر الذال، وحكى عياض فتحها: جمع ماذية، وهي ما ينبت على حافة النهر ومسايل المياه، وليست الكلمة عربية، و"أقبال الجداول": أوائل المسايل ورءوسها.