Manhaj al-Salikin wa Tawdih al-Fiqh fi al-Din - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (161)

386—Ownership in the partnership and its profits shall be determined according to their agreement, provided that the agreed portion is a known, undivided share1.

387—The following are included under this:

1—An inān partnership, in which each partner contributes both capital and labor.

2—A mudāraba partnership, in which one partner contributes the capital and the other the labor.

3—A wujūh partnership, based on what the two partners obtain from others on the strength of their creditworthiness.

4—An abdān partnership, in which the two partners share whatever they earn through their physical efforts from permissible unowned resources, such as grass and the like, as well as from work they jointly undertake.

5—A mufāwada partnership, which combines all of the foregoing,

= 5. *Mufāwadah* partnership: each partner authorizes the other to undertake every type of financial transaction and physical work, including sales and purchases on credit, as well as all rights and liabilities arising for them, excluding any earnings or financial liabilities personal to either partner. Adapted from *Tawdīh al-Ahkām* by al-Bassām, 4/127. (1) The Shaykh held that partnership and *mudārabah* are valid even if the capital consists of something other than minted gold or silver. There is no legal impediment to this, and practical need calls for it. The capital should therefore be valued in terms of either gold or silver, and this valuation should be used when settling the accounts. *Al-Mukhtārāt al-Jaliyyah*, p. 88.

٣٨٦- وَيَكُونُ اَلْمُلْكُ فِيهَا وَالرِّبْحُ بِحَسْبِ مَا يَتَّفِقَانِ عَلَيْهِ، إِذَا كَانَ جُزْءًا مُشَاعًا مَعْلُومًا ١. ٣٨٧- فَدَخَلَ في هذا: ١- شَرِكَةُ اَلْعِنَانِ، وَهِيَ: أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنْ كلٍّ مِنْهُمَا مَالٌ وَعَمَلٌ. ٢- وشَرِكَةُ الْمُضَارَبَةِ: بِأَنْ يَكُونَ مِنْ أَحَدِهِمَا اَلْمَالُ وَمِنْ اَلْآخَرِ اَلْعَمَلُ. ٣- وشَرِكَةُ اَلْوُجُوهِ: بِمَا يَأْخُذَانِ بِوُجُوهِهِمَا مِنْ اَلنَّاسِ. ٤- وشَرِكَةُ اَلْأَبْدَانِ: بِأَنْ يَشْتَرِكَا بِمَا يَكْتَسِبَانِ بِأَبْدَانِهِمَا مِنْ اَلْمُبَاحَاتِ مِنْ حَشِيشٍ وَنَحْوِهِ، وَمَا يَتَقَبَّلَانِهِ مِنْ اَلْأَعْمَالِ. ٥- وشَرِكَةُ اَلْمُفَاوَضَةِ: وَهِيَ اَلْجَامِعَةُ لِجَمِيعِ ذَلِكَ،

= ٥- شركة مفاوضة: وهي أن يفوض كل منهما الآخر في كل تصرف مالي وبدني بيعا وشراء في الذمة، وفي كل ما يثبت لهما أو عليهما، من غير أن يدخلا فيه كسبًا أو غرامة مالية خاصة. بتصرف من "توضيح الأحكام: للبسام، ١٢٧/٤". ١ قرر الشيخ أن الشركة والمضاربة تصح ولو كان رأس المال من غير النقدين المضروبين، فإنه لا مانع منه، والحاجة داعية إليه، وعليه يقوَّم رأس المال بأحد النقدين، ويُرْجع إلى هذا التقويم عند المحاسبة. "المختارات الجلية، ص: ٨٨".