= Al-Hāfiz stated in *al-Talkhīs* (3/49): “Ibn al-Qattān declared it defective because the status of Sa‘īd ibn Hayyān, the father of Abū Hayyān, is unknown; al-Dāraqutnī, however, declared it defective because it is *mursal*.” On account of these two defects, al-Albānī graded it weak in *al-Irwā’* (1468). (1) Partnership (*sharikah*) is of two types. The first is co-ownership (*sharikat amlāk*), in which two or more persons jointly hold a property right—whether in real estate, movable property, or a usufruct—acquired through purchase, gift, inheritance, or some other means. In this type of partnership, each partner is legally a third party with respect to the other’s share and may not dispose of it without the other’s permission. The second is contractual partnership (*sharikat ‘uqūd*), which entails jointly conducting transactions such as sales. This is the type intended here. Each partner’s transactions are effective by virtue of ownership with respect to his own share and by virtue of agency with respect to his partner’s share. Jurists divide it into five categories: 1. *‘Inān* partnership: two or more persons combine their capital and both work with it themselves; alternatively, one of them performs the work and receives a greater share of the profit than the other. 2. *Mudārabah* partnership: one person gives a specified amount of capital to another to trade with in return for a specified proportional share of the profit. 3. *Wujūh* partnership: two or more persons agree to share the profits from merchandise they purchase on credit on the strength of their personal liability, without possessing capital. Any profit they make is divided between them as agreed. 4. *Abdān* partnership: two or more persons agree to share whatever lawfully available, unowned property they acquire through their physical labor, or whatever work they jointly undertake as an obligation =