Manhaj al-Salikin wa Tawdih al-Fiqh fi al-Din - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (155)

and distribute them among the creditors in proportion to the debts owed to them1.

365—He shall give none of them priority except:

1—A secured creditor with respect to his collateral.

2—The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said: “Whoever finds his property in the possession of a man who has become insolvent has a greater right to it than anyone else.” Agreed upon2.

366—The guardian of a minor, a person lacking sound financial judgment, or a person of unsound mind must prevent them from dealing with their property in ways detrimental to them.

Allah Most High says: “Do not entrust the foolish with your wealth, which Allah has made a means of support for you” [Women: 5].

367—The guardian must deal with their property only in the manner that is best: preserving it, managing it for their benefit, and spending from it whatever they need3.

368—Their guardian is their father, provided that he is of sound judgment. If there is no such father, the judge shall appoint as their agent4 the relative he finds5 to be the most compassionate, knowledgeable, and trustworthy.

(1) The shaykh held that if an insolvent person’s creditors are unaware of his insolvency and have not had him placed under legal interdiction, any disposition he makes that harms them—by paying some while depriving others—is legally ineffective because it is unjust. *Al-Mukhtārāt al-Jaliyya* (The Lucid Selections), p. 85. (2) Reported by al-Bukhārī (5/62) and Muslim (1559). (3) B and T read: “and spending on them from it whatever they need.” (4) T reads: *al-wilāya* (“guardianship”). (5) B and T read: *yakūn* (“is”).

وَيُقَسِّمُهُ عَلَى اَلْغُرَمَاءِ بِقَدْرِ دُيُونِهِمْ١. ٣٦٥- وَلَا يُقَدِّمُ منهم إلا: ١- صَاحِبَ اَلرَّهْنِ بِرَهْنِهِ. ٢- وَقَالَ ﷺ: "من أدرك ما له عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ قَدْ أَفْلَسَ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ من غيره" متفق عليه٢. ٣٦٦- ويجب على ولي الصغير والسفيه والمجنون، أن يمنعهم من التصرف في مالهم الذي يضرهم. قال تعالى: ﴿وَلا تُؤْتُوا السُّفَهَاءَ أَمْوَالَكُمُ الَّتِي جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ قِيَامًا﴾ [النساء: ٥] . ٣٦٧- وعليه ألا يقرب ما لهم إِلَّا بِاَلَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ مِنْ حفظِه، والتصرفِ اَلنَّافِعِ لَهُمْ، وصرفِ مَا يَحْتَاجُونَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْهُ٣. ٣٦٨- وَوَلِيُّهُمْ أَبُوهُمُ اَلرَّشِيدُ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ جَعَلَ اَلْحَاكِمُ اَلْوَكَالَةَ٤ لَأَشْفَقَ مَنْ يَجِدُهُ ٥ مِنْ أَقَارِبِهِ، وأعرفهم، وآمنهم.

١ قرر الشيخ أن المفلس إذا لم يعلم غرماؤه بفلسه، ولم يحجروا عليه، وتصرف تصرفا يضرهم، وأعطى بعضا وحرم آخرين، أن تصرفه ليس بنافذ؛ لأنه ظلم. "المختارات الجلية، ص: ٨٥". ٢ أخرجه البخاري "٦٢/٥"، ومسلم "١٥٥٩". ٣ في "ب، ط": والصرف عليهم منه ما يحتاجون إليه. ٤ في "ط": الولاية. ٥ في "ب، ط": "يكون".