(1) Ibn Qudāma states in *al-Mughnī* (6/229): “*Arsh al-ayb* (compensation for a defect) is calculated by appraising the sold item first without the defect and then with it. The portion of the purchase price corresponding to the difference between the two valuations is then recovered. Thus, its proportion to the purchase price is the same as the proportion by which the defect diminished the item’s value. For example, if the defective item would be valued at ten without the defect and at nine with it, while its purchase price was fifteen, the defect has diminished its value by one-tenth. The buyer may therefore recover one-tenth of the purchase price from the seller, namely, one and a half dirhams.” (2) The same ruling applies if they disagree over the identity of the sold item, as the shaykh established in *al-Mukhtārāt al-Jaliyya* (p. 75). (3) Reported by Ahmad (2/252), Abū Dāwūd (no. 3460), Ibn Mājah (no. 2199), Ibn Hibbān in *al-Mawārid* (nos. 1103–1104), al-Hākim (2/45), who said, “It is authentic according to the criteria of the two shaykhs,” and al-Bayhaqī (6/27). *Iqāla* means dissolving a contract and nullifying its legal force and effects by mutual consent of the two parties.