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327—He prohibited selling a heap of dates whose measure is unknown in exchange for a specified measure of dates. Reported by Muslim1.
328—As for the sale of a debt:
A—If it is sold to the person who owes it, this is permissible, provided that the countervalue is received before the parties separate, for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “There is no harm in taking it at that day’s rate, provided that you do not part while anything remains outstanding between you.” Reported by the Five2.
B—If it is sold to someone other than the debtor, it is invalid because it involves uncertainty3.
(1) Reported by Muslim (no. 1530).
(2) Reported by Ahmad (vol. 2, pp. 83, 139, 154); al-Dārimī (vol. 2, p. 259); Abū Dāwūd (no. 3354); al-Tirmidhī (no. 1242); al-Nasā’ī (vol. 7, p. 282); Ibn Mājah (no. 2262); al-Dāraqutnī (p. 81); al-Hākim (vol. 2, p. 44), who graded it authentic; and al-Bayhaqī (vol. 5, p. 284).
(3) In “B” and “T”: “because it involves *gharar* (uncertainty).”
٣٢٧- ونهى عن بيع الصبرة من التمر لا يعلم مكيلها، بالكيل المسمى بالتمر رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ١.
٣٢٨- وَأَمَّا بَيْعُ مَا فِي اَلذِّمَّةِ:
أَ- فَإِنْ كَانَ عَلَى مَنْ هُوَ عَلَيْهِ جَازَ، وَذَلِكَ بِشَرْطِ قَبْضِ عِوَضِهِ قَبْلَ اَلتَّفَرُّقِ؛ لِقَوْلِهِ ﷺ: "لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ تَأْخُذَهَا بِسِعْرِ يَوْمِهَا، مَا لَمْ تَتَفَرَّقَا، وَبَيْنَكُمَا شَيْءٌ" رَوَاهُ اَلْخَمْسَةُ٢.
بِ- وَإِنْ كَانَ على غيره لا يصح؛ لأنه غرر٣.
١ أخرجه مسلم "١٥٣٠".
٢ أخرجه أحمد "٨٣/٢، ١٣٩، ١٥٤"، والدارمي "٢٥٩/٢"، وأبو داود "٣٣٥٤"، والترمذي "١٢٤٢"، والنسائي "٢٨٢/٧"، وابن ماجة "٢٢٦٢"، والدارقطني "٨١"، والحاكم "٤٤/٢"، وصححه، والبيهقي "٢٨٤/٥".
٣ في "ب، ط": "لأنه من الغرر".