Manhaj al-Salikin wa Tawdih al-Fiqh fi al-Din - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (142)

Manhaj al-Salikin wa Tawdih al-Fiqh fi al-DinAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

321—Uncertainty as to equality is treated like certain knowledge of disparity.

322—The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, also forbade muzābanah: exchanging dried dates for dates still on the palm trees. Agreed upon.1

323—He granted a concession for the sale of arāyā (fresh dates still on the palms exchanged for dried dates), based on an estimate of their yield, in quantities of less than five wasqs, for one who needs fresh dates but has no money with which to purchase them, according to that estimate. Reported by Muslim.2

[THE FIFTH CONDITION]:

324—Another condition is that the contract must not concern anything prohibited under Islamic law:

1—Either because the object itself is unlawful, as when the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, forbade the sale of wine, carrion, and idols. Agreed upon.3

2—Or because it results in a rupture in relations between Muslims, as in the prohibition issued by

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhārī (4/403) and Muslim (no. 1542). (2) Narrated by al-Bukhārī (4/387) and Muslim (no. 1541). *Arāyā* is the plural of *ariyya*: the sale of fresh dates still on the palms, assessed by estimation, for an equivalent quantity of dried dates measured by volume, provided that the amount is less than five *awsuq*, for someone who needs fresh dates but has no money. *Al-Mubdi*, 4/140. This transaction is exempted from the prohibition of *muzābana*. It has many forms, which Ibn Hajar discusses in *al-Fath* (4/391). *Khars* means appraisal and estimation: the appraiser estimates the fresh dates on the palms and the quantity of dried dates they will yield. (3) Narrated by al-Bukhārī (4/424) and Muslim (no. 1581), with the wording: “Allah and His Messenger have forbidden the sale of wine, carrion, swine, and idols…” to the end of the hadith.

٣٢١- والجهل بالتماثل كالعلم بالتفاضل. ٣٢٢- كَمَا نَهَى اَلنَّبِيَّ ﷺ عن بيع المزابنة: وهو شراء التمر بالتمر في رءوس النخل. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ١. ٣٢٣- وَرَخَّصَ فِي بَيْعِ اَلْعَرَايَا، بِخَرْصِهَا، فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسَةِ أَوْسُقٍ، لِلْمُحْتَاجِ إِلَى اَلرُّطَبِ، وَلَا ثَمَنَ عِنْدَهُ يَشْتَرِي بِهِ، بِخَرْصِهَا. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ٢. [اَلشَّرْطُ اَلْخَامِسُ] : ٣٢٤- وَمِنَ اَلشُّرُوطِ: أَنْ لَا يَقَعَ اَلْعِقْدُ عَلَى مُحَرَّمٍ شَرْعًا: ١- إِمَّا لِعَيْنِهِ، كَمَا نَهَى اَلنَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَنْ بَيْعِ اَلْخَمْرِ وَالْمَيْتَةِ وَالْأَصْنَامِ. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ٣. ٢- وإما لما يترتب عليه من قطيعة المسلم، كما نهى

١ أخرجه البخاري "٤٠٣/٤"، ومسلم "١٥٤٢". ٢ أخرجه البخاري "٣٨٧/٤"، ومسلم "١٥٤١". والعرايا: جمع عرية، وهي بيع الرطب في رءوس النخل خرصا بمثله من التمر كيلا، فيما دون خمسة أوسق، لمن به حاجة إلى أكل الرطب، ولا ثمن معه. "المبدع ١٤٠/٤" وهي مستثناة من تحريم المزابنة، ولها صور كثيرة، ذكرها ابن حجر في الفتح "٣٩١/٤". والْخَرْصُ: هو الحزر والتخمين، فيقوم الخراص بتقدير ما على رءوس النخل من الرطب وما يئول إليه تمرًا. ٣ أخرجه البخاري "٤٢٤/٤"، ومسلم "١٥٨١" بلفظ: "إن الله ورسوله حرم بيع الخمر والميتة والخنزير والأصنام ... " الحديث.