16
BOOK OF SALES
[CONDITIONS OF SALE]
311—The basic ruling concerning it1 is permissibility. Allah Most High says: “Allah has permitted trade and forbidden usury” [Al-Baqarah: 275].
312—All kinds of tangible property—real estate, animals, furnishings, and the like—may be the subject of contracts, provided that the conditions of sale2 are fulfilled.
313—Among the most important conditions are:
[THE FIRST CONDITION]:
Mutual consent, as Allah Most High says: “Unless it is trade conducted by mutual consent among you” [Al-Nisā’: 29].
[THE SECOND CONDITION]:
314—That there be3 no uncertainty or indeterminacy in the sale, because the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) “forbade
(1) In “T”: “concerning them.”
(2) The shaykh held that copies of the Quran may be bought and sold, provided this does not entail their desecration or disrespect, because there is a need for such transactions. He also held that property conquered by force but not distributed among the conquerors—such as the lands of Egypt, Syria, and Iraq—may be sold, even if it is not residential property. It remains in the buyer’s possession under the same conditions as it was in the seller’s, together with its land tax (*kharāj*); this has been the practice of the Muslims. Likewise, houses in Mecca may validly be sold and leased. See *al-Mukhtārāt al-Jaliyya*, pp. 69–70.
(3) In “T”: “unless there is.”
كِتَابُ البُيُوعِ
[شُرُوطُ اَلْبَيْعِ]
٣١١- اَلْأَصْلُ فِيهِ١ الحِلُّ، قَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْبَيْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبا﴾ [اَلْبَقَرَة: ٢٧٥] .
٣١٢- فَجَمِيعُ اَلْأَعْيَانِ مِنْ عَقَارٍ وَحَيَوَانٍ وَأَثَاثٍ وَغَيْرِهَا، يَجُوزُ إِيقَاعُ اَلْعُقُودِ عَلَيْهَا إِذَا تَمَّتْ شُرُوطُ اَلْبَيْعِ٢.
٣١٣- فَمِنْ أَعْظَمِ اَلشُّرُوطِ:
[اَلشَّرْطُ اَلْأَوَّلُ] :
اَلرِّضَا: لِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ تِجَارَةً عَنْ تَرَاضٍ مِنْكُمْ﴾ [اَلنِّسَاء: ٢٩] .
[اَلشَّرْطُ اَلثَّانِي] :
٣١٤- وَأَنْ لَا يَكُونَ٣ فِيهَا غَرَرٌ وَجَهَالَةٌ؛ لِأَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ ﷺ "نهى
١ في "ط": "فيها".
٢ قرر الشيخ، جواز بيع المصحف وشرائه، إذا لم يكن في ذلك امتهان وقلة احترام؛ لأن الحاجة داعية إلى ذلك، كما قرر أنه يجوز بيع ما فتح عنوة ولم يقسم بين الفاتحين، كأرض مصر والشام والعراق، ولو كان من غير المساكن، وتكون عند المشتري كما كانت عند البائع بخراجها، وعليه عمل المسلمين. وكذلك بيوت مكة، فإنه يصح بيعها وإجارتها. ينظر "المختارات الجلية، ص: ٦٩، ٧٠".
٣ في "ط": "إلا أن يكون".