Manhaj al-Salikin wa Tawdih al-Fiqh fi al-Din - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (110)

1—a wealthy person;
2—an able-bodied person capable of earning a living1;
3—the family of Muhammad, namely Banū Hāshim and their freedmen;
4—anyone whom the payer is obligated to support while2 that maintenance is ongoing;
5—an unbeliever.

237—Voluntary charity, however, may be given to these and to others.

238—The more beneficial it is, whether its benefit is public or private, the more virtuous it is.

239—The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Whoever asks people for their wealth in order to amass more is only asking for live coals; so let him ask for little or much.” Muslim related it3.

240—He said to Umar (may Allah be pleased with him): “Whatever comes to you of this wealth without your aspiring to it or asking for it, take it. Otherwise, do not let your heart pursue it.” Muslim related it4.

1. In A: “Zakat is not lawful for a wealthy earner.” 2. In B and T: “time.” 3. Muslim, no. 1041. 4. Reported by al-Bukhārī, 3/337, and Muslim, no. 1045. “Without aspiring to it” means without seeking it out or coveting it. “Otherwise” means if it comes to you only when your soul is inclined toward it; in that case, do not let your soul pursue it by seeking it, but leave it. See al-Bassām, *Tawdīh al-Ahkām*, 3/120.

١- لغني، ٢- وَلَا لِقَوِيٍّ مُكْتَسِبٍ١، ٣- وَلَا لِآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَهُمْ بَنُو هَاشِمٍ وَمَوَالِيهِمْ، ٤- وَلَا لِمَنْ تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ نَفَقَتُهُ حَالَ٢ جَرَيَانِهَا، ٥- وَلَا لِكَافِرٍ. ٢٣٧- فَأَمَّا صَدَقَةُ اَلتَّطَوُّعِ فَيَجُوزُ دَفْعُهَا إِلَى هَؤُلَاءِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ. ٢٣٨- وَلَكِنْ كُلَّمَا كَانَتْ أَنْفَعَ نَفْعًا عَامًّا أَوْ خَاصًّا فَهِيَ أَكْمَلُ. ٢٣٩- وَقَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "مَنْ سَأَلَ اَلنَّاسَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ تَكَثُّرًا فَإِنَّمَا يَسْأَلُ جَمْرًا، فَلْيَسْتَقِلَّ أَوْ لِيَسْتَكْثِرْ" رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ٣. ٢٤٠- وَقَالَ لِعُمَرَ، ﵁: "مَا جَاءَكَ مِنْ هَذَا اَلْمَالِ وَأَنْتَ غَيْرُ مُشْرِفٍ وَلَا سَائِلٍ فَخُذْهُ، وَمَا لَا فَلَا تُتْبِعْهُ نَفْسَكَ" رواه مسلم٤.

١ في "أ": "ولا تحل الزكاة لغني مكتسب". ٢ في "ب، ط": "وقت". ٣ مسلم "١٠٤١". ٤ أخرجه البخاري "٣٣٧/٣"، ومسلم "١٠٤٥". ومعنى، "غير مشرف" أي: غير متعرض له، وحريص عليه. ومعنى "وما لا"، أي: وما لا يكون كذلك، بأن لا يجيء إليك إلا ونفسك مائلة إليه، فلا تتبعه نفسك في الطلب واتركه. ينظر: "توضيح الأحكام للبسام ١٢٠/٣".