16
[Zakat on Grazing Livestock]
213—As for grazing livestock1, the principal evidence concerning it is the hadith of Anas, according to which Abu Bakr—may Allah be pleased with him—wrote to him:
“This is the obligatory zakat that the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—imposed upon the Muslims and that Allah commanded His Messenger to levy2:
For twenty-four camels or fewer, the due is paid in sheep: one sheep is due on3 every five camels.
When they number from twenty-five to thirty-five, a one-year-old she-camel4 is due; if none is available, then a two-year-old male camel5 is due.
= pay it, and that if the wealth is lost before then, without negligence, its owner incurs no liability.
He also upheld the permissibility of transferring zakat elsewhere, even over a distance at which prayers may be shortened, when doing so serves a legitimate interest. *Al-Mukhtārāt al-Jaliyya*, pp. 56, 58.
(1) *Sā’ima* denotes livestock that graze on open pasture throughout the year or for most of it. *Sawm* means sending livestock out to graze.
(2) Manuscript “A” does not cite the hadith, but merely states: “To the end of the well-known hadith, which contains many rulings.”
(3) Al-Bukhārī’s recension reads *min* (“from”) instead of *fī* (“for”).
(4) A *bint makhād* is a she-camel that has completed one year. It is so called because its mother will generally have become pregnant again; *mākhid* means a pregnant she-camel.
(5) An *ibn labūn* is a male camel that has completed two years. It is so called because its mother will generally have given birth to another calf and therefore be producing milk. The same definition applies to a *bint labūn*, the corresponding female.
[زَكَاةُ السَّائِمَةِ]
٢١٣- فأما السَّائِمة١: فَالْأَصْلُ فِيهَا حَدِيثُ أنسٍ، أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ-﵁-كَتَبَ لَهُ:
هَذِهِ فَرِيضَةُ اَلصَّدَقَةِ اَلَّتِي فَرَضَهَا رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَاَلَّتِي أَمَرَ اَللَّهُ بها رسوله٢:
فِي أَرْبَعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ مِنْ اَلْإِبِلِ فَمَا دُونَهَا من الغنم، في٣ كُلِّ خمسٍ: شاةٌ،
فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ خَمْسًا وَعِشْرِينَ إلى خمس وثلاثين ففيها: بنت مَخَاضٍ٤ أنثى، فإن لم تكن فابن لَبُونٍ٥ ذكر.
= الأداء، وأنه إذا تلف قبل ذلك بلا تفريط ولا ضمان على صاحبه.
كما صحح، جواز نقل الزكاة ولو لمسافة قصر، إذا كان ذلك لمصلحة. "المختارات الجلية، ص: ٥٦، ٥٨".
١ السَّائمة: هي التي ترعى في المباح، الحول أو أكثره، والسوم: إرسال الماشية في الأرض ترعى فيها.
٢ في "أ": لم يذكر الحديث، وإنما قال: "إلى آخر الحديث المشهور وهو محتوٍ على أحكام كثيرة".
٣ رواية البخاري: "من".
٤ وهي ما تَمَّ لها سنة، سُمِّيَت بذلك؛ لأن أمها قد مخضت في الغالب، والماخض: الحامل.
٥ وهو ما تَمَّ له سنتان؛ لأن أمه قد وضعت غيره غالبًا، فهي ذات لبن. ومثله بنت اللبون.