If three or more contestants race and they stipulate that the runner-up shall receive a prize equal to that of the winner, the agreement is void; if the prize for the second is less, it is valid in the sounder opinion. In a camel race the permissible head-start is the span of one shoulder, and in a horse race one neck, although another view allows a lead of the fore-legs for both.
For a munāḍala (archery contest) to be valid, the parties must state whether the match is
- mubādara—won by whichever archer first achieves the required number of hits, or
- muḥāta—where the two sets of hits are matched, the common ones discarded, and victory goes to whoever exceeds the other by the agreed margin.
They must also specify: the number of shooting rounds and required hits, the shooting distance, and the length and breadth of the target—unless the contract is concluded at a place that already contains a well-known target, in which case an unqualified agreement is taken to refer to it.
They should further clarify the type of hit that will count:
• qaraʿ: striking the face of the target with the arrowhead without scratching it;
• kharq: penetrating the target without the shaft remaining fixed;
• khasq: penetrating and remaining embedded; or
• maraq: passing completely through.
If they leave the matter unspecified, the agreement defaults to qaraʿ.
A monetary prize for a munāḍala is lawful on the same grounds—and subject to the same conditions—as in a musābaqa. It is unnecessary to designate a particular bow or arrow; if they do, the designation is disregarded and substitution with an equivalent is allowed. Should they stipulate that no substitution is permissible, the contract is invalid. The more evident position is that they must indicate who will shoot first.
If a group gathers for a munāḍala and two captains stand forth and choose teammates, the arrangement is permissible, but it is not allowed to make their appointment by drawing lots. If a captain selects a stranger, assuming him to be a competent archer, and later discovers the contrary, the contract concerning that individual is void, one member is accordingly dropped from the opposing side, and the continued validity of the remainder falls under the two well-known opinions on an indivisible transaction. Should we deem the contract still sound, all participants retain the option to cancel; and if they ratify yet dispute over which player should be removed in exchange, the contract is annulled.
When the contest is a free-for-all (nadal kharab), the purse is divided in proportion to the number of hits, although another opinion calls for an equal division. For a stipulated hit to count, it must be made with the arrowhead itself; thus, if the bow-string or bow breaks, or the arrow is deflected by some object yet still strikes the target, the hit is credited to the archer, while any injury caused counts against him. If the wind moves the target and the archer hits the place where it had stood, the hit is credited to him; otherwise, nothing is counted against him. Where khasq has been stipulated, and the arrow pierces and remains fixed but later falls out—or it pierces, meets a hard surface, and then falls—the hit is nevertheless counted in his favor.